The correct answer is A. planning.
Planning is the first and foremost function of management because it sets the direction for the organization and provides a framework for all other management activities. Planning involves setting goals, developing strategies, and creating plans to achieve those goals. It is a critical function because it ensures that the organization is focused on its priorities and that its resources are being used effectively.
Organizing is the process of creating a structure for the organization and assigning tasks to individuals. It involves determining the work that needs to be done, grouping tasks into departments or teams, and assigning responsibility for those tasks. Organizing is important because it ensures that the work of the organization is coordinated and that everyone knows what they are responsible for.
Controlling is the process of monitoring performance and taking corrective action when necessary. It involves setting standards, measuring performance against those standards, and taking action to correct any deviations. Controlling is important because it ensures that the organization is on track to achieve its goals.
Coordinating is the process of ensuring that the different parts of the organization work together effectively. It involves communicating with employees, resolving conflicts, and ensuring that resources are used efficiently. Coordinating is important because it ensures that the organization is able to achieve its goals.
In conclusion, planning is the first and foremost function of management because it sets the direction for the organization and provides a framework for all other management activities.