The filament of electric bulb is generally made of tungsten because

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tungsten is cheap

durability of tungsten is high

light-emitting power of tungsten is high

melting point of tungsten is high

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This question was previously asked in

UPSC CAPF – 2013

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The correct option is D. The filament of an electric bulb is generally made of tungsten because its melting point is high.

Incandescent light bulbs produce light by heating a wire filament to a very high temperature (around 2500-3000 °C) until it glows (incandescence). Tungsten has the highest melting point of all metals (3422 °C), allowing it to withstand these extreme temperatures without melting. This property is crucial for the filament’s operation.

While tungsten is durable and emits light, its high melting point is the primary reason for its use as a filament material. Other properties like its low vapor pressure at high temperatures also contribute to its suitability, reducing evaporation and prolonging filament life compared to materials with lower melting points. Tungsten is not particularly cheap compared to common metals.

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