The correct answer is: d) All of the above.
Fertilizers and pesticides are essential for modern agriculture, but their excessive use can have a negative impact on the environment. When fertilizers are applied to crops, they can runoff into nearby waterways, where they can cause algae blooms and other problems. Pesticides can also runoff into waterways, or they can be absorbed by plants and animals, where they can accumulate in the food chain. Both fertilizers and pesticides can harm fish populations, water quality, and aquatic ecosystems.
- Fish populations: Fertilizers can cause algae blooms, which can block sunlight and suffocate fish. Pesticides can kill fish directly, or they can harm fish eggs and larvae.
- Water quality: Fertilizers can cause nutrient pollution, which can lead to algae blooms, oxygen depletion, and other problems. Pesticides can contaminate drinking water and harm aquatic life.
- Aquatic ecosystems: Fertilizers and pesticides can disrupt the natural balance of aquatic ecosystems, leading to the decline of some species and the proliferation of others.
It is important to use fertilizers and pesticides carefully to minimize their impact on the environment. Farmers should apply fertilizers only when necessary and in the correct amounts. They should also use pesticides only when absolutely necessary and should choose pesticides that are less harmful to the environment.