The excessive use of chemical inputs in agriculture can contribute to:

The correct answer is: All of the above.

Excessive use of chemical inputs in agriculture can contribute to soil degradation, water pollution, and biodiversity loss.

• Soil degradation is the decline in the quality of soil over time. It can be caused by a number of factors, including erosion, salinization, and acidification. Chemical inputs, such as fertilizers and pesticides, can contribute to soil degradation by altering the soil’s chemical composition and structure.
• Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies with harmful substances. Chemical inputs, such as fertilizers and pesticides, can pollute water bodies by runoff and leaching. Runoff occurs when water flows over the land and carries with it pollutants from the soil. Leaching occurs when water seeps through the soil and carries with it pollutants from the soil into groundwater.
• Biodiversity loss is the decline in the variety of life on Earth. It can be caused by a number of factors, including habitat loss, overexploitation, and pollution. Chemical inputs, such as fertilizers and pesticides, can contribute to biodiversity loss by killing or harming non-target organisms.

The excessive use of chemical inputs in agriculture can have a number of negative consequences for the environment. It is important to use these inputs judiciously and to take steps to minimize their impact on the environment.