The establishment of Mughal rule in India strengthened urbanization

The establishment of Mughal rule in India

strengthened urbanization
strengthened inter-urban contact in riparian North India
increased India’s sea trade
decreased the risk of carrying long-distance trade

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1, 2 and 3

1 and 2 only

3 and 4

1 only

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This question was previously asked in

UPSC CAPF – 2013

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The establishment of Mughal rule in India had several significant economic impacts. Urbanization received a boost with the growth of major administrative and commercial centers like Delhi, Agra, Lahore, Surat, Dhaka, etc. Riverine trade, particularly in the fertile Gangetic plain (riparian North India), was crucial for transporting goods between these urban centres, and Mughal control and infrastructure facilitated this. India’s sea trade also increased significantly during the Mughal period, with major ports like Surat, Hooghly, and Masulipatnam flourishing and trade with Europe, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia expanding. While statement 4 about decreasing the risk of long-distance trade might be partially true compared to periods of fragmentation, statements 1, 2, and 3 are more widely accepted and directly attributable positive economic impacts of the stable and centralized Mughal state on trade and urban development.

– Mughal rule led to significant urban growth.
– Inter-urban trade, especially via rivers in North India, was strengthened.
– Sea trade from Indian ports saw a substantial increase during the Mughal era.

The Mughal state’s relative stability, administrative structure, and focus on collecting land revenue stimulated economic activity. Infrastructure like sarais (inns) and roads also supported trade. The influx of precious metals from trade, particularly with Europe, impacted the economy.

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