The correct answer is (c), 1989.
The Election Commission of India was established in 1950 under the Constitution of India. It is an independent body responsible for conducting elections to the Parliament of India, the state legislative assemblies, and the offices of the President and Vice President of India.
The Election Commission was originally a two-member commission, consisting of the Chief Election Commissioner and one Election Commissioner. However, in 1989, the Election Commission was converted into a three-member commission with the appointment of a second Election Commissioner. This was done to ensure greater independence and impartiality of the Election Commission.
The Election Commission is headed by the Chief Election Commissioner, who is appointed by the President of India. The other two Election Commissioners are appointed by the President on the recommendation of the Chief Election Commissioner.
The Election Commission has a number of functions, including:
- Conducting elections to the Parliament of India, the state legislative assemblies, and the offices of the President and Vice President of India.
- Registering political parties.
- Devising electoral procedures and rules.
- Supervising the electoral process.
- Taking action against electoral malpractices.
The Election Commission is an independent and impartial body that plays a vital role in the democratic process in India.