The “Doctrine of Pleasure” is related to the tenure of which constitut

The “Doctrine of Pleasure” is related to the tenure of which constitutional authority in India ?

Governor of State
Chief Justice of India
Chief Information Commissioner
Chief Election Commissioner
This question was previously asked in
UPSC Combined Section Officer – 2021-22
The Doctrine of Pleasure originates from English Common Law, where servants of the Crown hold office during the pleasure of the Crown. In the Indian context, certain constitutional authorities hold office during the pleasure of the President or the Governor.
Article 156(1) of the Constitution of India states that the Governor shall hold office during the pleasure of the President. This is a direct application of the Doctrine of Pleasure in the Indian context regarding the Governor’s tenure.
Constitutional authorities like the Chief Justice of India, Chief Information Commissioner, and Chief Election Commissioner have constitutionally secured tenures and are not subject to the Doctrine of Pleasure for removal; they can only be removed through a specific process laid down in the Constitution (e.g., impeachment-like process for CJI and CEC) or relevant statutes (for CIC). Other offices held during the pleasure of the President include the Attorney General of India (Article 76(4)), Union Ministers (Article 75(2)). State Ministers hold office during the pleasure of the Governor (Article 164(1)).