The correct answer is (b), Bihar.
Bihar had a decadal growth rate of 23.8% between 2001 and 2011, which was the lowest among all the states in India. This was followed by West Bengal (14.8%), Andhra Pradesh (13.9%), and Tamil Nadu (13.4%).
There are a number of factors that can contribute to a low population growth rate. One factor is a high level of out-migration, as people leave the state in search of better opportunities elsewhere. Another factor is a low fertility rate, as women choose to have fewer children. Finally, a low population growth rate can also be due to an aging population, as the number of people over the age of 60 increases.
In the case of Bihar, all of these factors are likely to have played a role in the low population growth rate. The state has a long history of out-migration, as people have left in search of better jobs and education in other parts of India. In addition, the fertility rate in Bihar is relatively low, as women tend to have fewer children than women in other parts of the country. Finally, the population of Bihar is aging, as the number of people over the age of 60 is increasing.
The low population growth rate in Bihar is likely to have a number of consequences for the state. One consequence is that the workforce will shrink, as there will be fewer people of working age. This could lead to a shortage of workers in certain sectors of the economy, such as agriculture and manufacturing. Another consequence is that the state will have to spend more money on social services, such as healthcare and pensions, as the number of elderly people increases. Finally, the low population growth rate could lead to a decline in the state’s tax revenue, as there will be fewer people paying taxes.