The correct answer is: All of the above.
Tribal movements, labor organizations, and political negotiations all played a role in the creation of the separate state of Jharkhand in 2000.
Tribal movements have been a long-standing feature of the Jharkhand region, dating back to the early 20th century. These movements have been driven by a desire for greater autonomy and self-determination for tribal peoples, who have often felt marginalized and exploited by the dominant non-tribal population.
Labor organizations have also been active in the Jharkhand region, campaigning for better working conditions and wages for workers in the region’s mines and industries. These organizations have played a role in raising awareness of the plight of workers in the region and in putting pressure on the government to address their concerns.
Political negotiations have also been a key factor in the creation of Jharkhand. In the late 1990s, the central government began to hold talks with representatives of tribal groups and labor organizations in the region. These talks eventually led to the passage of the Jharkhand State Reorganisation Act in 2000, which created the separate state of Jharkhand.
The creation of Jharkhand was a major victory for tribal peoples and labor organizations in the region. It has given them a greater degree of autonomy and self-determination, and it has helped to improve the lives of workers in the region. However, there are still many challenges facing the people of Jharkhand, and there is a need for continued political and economic development in the region.