The correct answer is: All of the above.
The creation of forest reserves by the British government led to a number of changes, including restriction on tribal rights, changes in agricultural practices, and out-migration of tribal people.
One of the most significant impacts of the creation of forest reserves was the restriction on tribal rights. Prior to the creation of forest reserves, tribal people had access to forests for a variety of purposes, including hunting, gathering, and grazing livestock. However, with the creation of forest reserves, these activities were often restricted or prohibited. This led to a loss of livelihood for many tribal people and contributed to their impoverishment.
The creation of forest reserves also led to changes in agricultural practices. In many areas, tribal people had traditionally practiced shifting cultivation, which involves clearing a small area of forest for cultivation and then moving on to a new area after a few years. However, with the creation of forest reserves, this practice was often prohibited. This led to a decline in agricultural productivity and made it more difficult for tribal people to meet their food needs.
Finally, the creation of forest reserves also led to out-migration of tribal people. Many tribal people were forced to leave their traditional homelands in order to find new sources of livelihood. This led to the fragmentation of tribal communities and the loss of traditional cultures.
In conclusion, the creation of forest reserves by the British government had a number of negative impacts on tribal people. These impacts included restriction on tribal rights, changes in agricultural practices, and out-migration of tribal people.