The correct answer is (b) India.
Public interest litigation (PIL) is a legal action initiated by a person or group of people on behalf of the general public. It is a relatively new concept in law, and it originated in India in the 1970s.
The first PIL was filed in India in 1972, and it was successful in getting the government to take action to improve the living conditions of people living in slums. Since then, PILs have been used to address a wide range of issues, including environmental protection, human rights, and access to education and healthcare.
PILs have been credited with making the Indian legal system more accessible to ordinary people, and they have also helped to improve the lives of millions of people in India.
Option (a), Australia, is incorrect because PIL did not originate in Australia.
Option (c), the United States of America, is incorrect because PIL did not originate in the United States of America.
Option (d), the United Kingdom, is incorrect because PIL did not originate in the United Kingdom.