The correct answer is (a) Miss Semple.
Miss Semple was an American geographer who is considered one of the founders of the environmental determinism school of thought. She argued that the physical environment has a strong influence on human culture and development. Her work was influential in the early 20th century, but it has since been criticized for its simplistic view of the relationship between humans and the environment.
G. Taylor was a British geographer who is considered one of the founders of the possibilism school of thought. He argued that the physical environment does not determine human behavior, but rather sets the limits within which humans can act. His work was influential in the mid-20th century, and it is still widely cited today.
Ratzel was a German geographer who is considered one of the founders of the organic theory of geography. He argued that the state is a living organism that is constantly evolving and adapting to its environment. His work was influential in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, but it has since been criticized for its deterministic view of the state.
Huntington was an American geographer who is considered one of the founders of the climatic determinism school of thought. He argued that climate is the most important factor in shaping human culture and development. His work was influential in the early 20th century, but it has since been criticized for its simplistic view of the relationship between humans and the environment.