The correct answer is: E. None of the above
Computers have been applied effectively in a wide range of fields, including marketing, manufacturing, personnel, and engineering. However, it is difficult to say definitively in which field computers have been applied most effectively. The answer may vary depending on the specific criteria used to evaluate effectiveness.
For example, if effectiveness is measured in terms of the amount of money saved or the number of jobs created, then manufacturing may be the field in which computers have been applied most effectively. Computers have been used to automate many manufacturing processes, which has led to significant cost savings. Additionally, computers have been used to create new jobs in the manufacturing sector, such as computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) technicians.
However, if effectiveness is measured in terms of the quality of life improved or the level of innovation achieved, then marketing may be the field in which computers have been applied most effectively. Computers have been used to develop new marketing strategies, such as targeted advertising and social media marketing. These strategies have helped businesses to reach a wider audience and to connect with customers in new ways. Additionally, computers have been used to create new products and services, such as e-commerce and online banking. These products and services have made it easier for people to shop, manage their finances, and stay connected with friends and family.
Ultimately, the answer to the question of which field computers have been applied most effectively is a matter of opinion. There is no single answer that will satisfy everyone.