The correct answer is: a) Tropical monsoon climate.
Meghalaya is a state in northeastern India. It is the wettest place on Earth, with an average annual rainfall of over 11,871 mm (467.4 in). The climate of Meghalaya is classified as tropical monsoon climate, which is characterized by a hot, humid summer and a cool, dry winter. The monsoon rains are caused by the seasonal shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The ITCZ is a belt of low pressure that lies near the equator. During the summer, the ITCZ shifts northward, bringing with it warm, moist air from the Indian Ocean. This air rises and cools, causing condensation and rainfall. The monsoon rains are essential for the agriculture and economy of Meghalaya.
The other options are incorrect because:
- Temperate climates are characterized by warm summers and cool winters.
- Arid climates are characterized by low rainfall and high temperatures.
- Polar climates are characterized by cold temperatures and low rainfall.