The correct answer is: D) All of the above
The climate of Madhya Pradesh is tropical continental, with hot summers and mild winters. The Himalayan region has a temperate climate, with cold winters and warm summers. The main factors that affect the climate of a region are latitude, altitude, and distance from the sea.
Latitude is the distance north or south of the equator. The closer a region is to the equator, the warmer the climate is likely to be. This is because the sun’s rays are more direct at the equator than they are at higher latitudes.
Altitude is the height above sea level. The higher a region is, the colder the climate is likely to be. This is because the air is thinner at higher altitudes, and there is less atmosphere to trap heat.
Distance from the sea also affects climate. Regions that are close to the sea tend to have milder climates than regions that are far from the sea. This is because the sea acts as a heat buffer, moderating the temperature extremes.
In the case of Madhya Pradesh and the Himalayan region, all three of these factors contribute to the difference in climate. Madhya Pradesh is located at a lower latitude than the Himalayan region, which means that it receives more direct sunlight and has a warmer climate. Madhya Pradesh is also located at a lower altitude than the Himalayan region, which means that it has a milder climate. Finally, Madhya Pradesh is located further from the sea than the Himalayan region, which means that it has a more continental climate.
The combination of these factors results in a climate that is hot and humid in the summer and mild in the winter in Madhya Pradesh, and a climate that is cold and dry in the winter and warm in the summer in the Himalayan region.