The correct answer is: d) All of the above
The Chogyal was the hereditary ruler of Sikkim from the 17th century until 1975. While he wielded significant power, his authority was often checked by powerful monasteries, influential clans and families, and the British Political Officer.
The monasteries in Sikkim were very powerful and independent. They had their own armies, courts, and systems of taxation. The Chogyal could not interfere in the affairs of the monasteries without risking their opposition.
The influential clans and families in Sikkim also had a great deal of power. They controlled much of the land and wealth in the country, and they could often sway the Chogyal’s decisions.
The British Political Officer in Sikkim was a representative of the British government. He had a great deal of influence over the Chogyal, and he could often veto his decisions.
As a result of the checks and balances imposed by these powerful groups, the Chogyal’s power was often limited. He was not able to rule as an absolute monarch, and he had to take into account the interests of the monasteries, the clans and families, and the British government.