The correct answer is: d) All of the above
Chogyal Thutob Namgyal was the 12th Chogyal of Sikkim, who ruled from 1793 to 1863. He is considered to be one of the most important figures in Sikkimese history, as he was responsible for modernizing the country and resisting British influence.
Thutob Namgyal was born in 1790 in the capital of Sikkim, Gangtok. He was the son of the 11th Chogyal, Phuntsog Namgyal, and his wife, Tashi Deden. Thutob Namgyal was educated in both Tibetan and Indian traditions, and he was fluent in several languages.
In 1814, the British East India Company invaded Sikkim. The Chogyal was forced to sign a treaty that gave the British control over Sikkim’s foreign affairs. Thutob Namgyal was determined to resist British influence, and he began to modernize Sikkim in order to make it more independent.
He built roads, schools, and hospitals, and he introduced Western education and technology to Sikkim. He also established diplomatic ties with Tibet and other countries in order to reduce Sikkim’s reliance on the British.
Thutob Namgyal died in 1863 at the age of 73. He was succeeded by his son, Tshudoph Namgyal. Thutob Namgyal is remembered as a great leader who modernized Sikkim and resisted British influence.
Here is a brief explanation of each option:
- a) Modernizing Sikkim: Thutob Namgyal built roads, schools, and hospitals, and he introduced Western education and technology to Sikkim. He also established diplomatic ties with Tibet and other countries in order to reduce Sikkim’s reliance on the British.
- b) Resisting British influence: Thutob Namgyal was determined to resist British influence, and he began to modernize Sikkim in order to make it more independent.
- c) Establishing diplomatic ties with Tibet: Thutob Namgyal established diplomatic ties with Tibet and other countries in order to reduce Sikkim’s reliance on the British.