The correct answer is: B) Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
The Cauvery River is a perennial river in India, originating in the Western Ghats in Karnataka and flowing through the states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala before emptying into the Bay of Bengal. The river is a major source of water for irrigation, drinking water, and hydroelectric power for the three states.
The Cauvery River water dispute is a long-standing dispute between the states of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala over the sharing of water from the river. The dispute has its roots in the British colonial period, when the Madras Presidency (now Tamil Nadu) was allocated a larger share of water from the river than the Mysore State (now Karnataka). After India’s independence, the dispute continued, and in 1969, the Central Water Commission (CWC) was appointed to mediate the dispute. The CWC recommended a water-sharing formula, but the three states could not agree on the formula.
In 1991, the Supreme Court of India intervened in the dispute and ordered the three states to implement the CWC’s water-sharing formula. However, the states continued to dispute the formula, and the Supreme Court has had to intervene several times to enforce its order.
The Cauvery River water dispute is a complex and contentious issue, and it is unlikely to be resolved anytime soon. The three states have competing interests in the river, and they are unwilling to compromise on their water allocations. The Supreme Court has played a key role in mediating the dispute, but it has been unable to resolve the issue permanently.
The other options are incorrect because they do not involve the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Option A, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh, is incorrect because Kerala is a downstream state on the Cauvery River, while Andhra Pradesh is an upstream state. Option C, Maharashtra and Goa, is incorrect because Maharashtra is an upstream state on the Krishna River, while Goa is a downstream state on the Mandovi River. Option D, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra, is incorrect because Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra are both upstream states on the Godavari River.