The correct answer is: D. larger plate area and shorter distance between plates.
Capacitance is the ability of a body to store an electric charge. It is measured in farads (F). The capacitance of a capacitor is given by the formula:
$C = \frac{\varepsilon_0 A}{d}$
where:
- $C$ is the capacitance in farads (F)
- $\varepsilon_0$ is the permittivity of free space, which is a constant equal to $8.854 \times 10^{-12}$ farads per meter (F/m)
- $A$ is the area of the plates in square meters (m2)
- $d$ is the distance between the plates in meters (m)
From the formula, we can see that the capacitance is proportional to the area of the plates and inversely proportional to the distance between the plates. Therefore, the capacitance increases with larger plate area and shorter distance between plates.
Option A is incorrect because the capacitance decreases with shorter plate area.
Option B is incorrect because the capacitance is not affected by the applied voltage.
Option C is incorrect because the capacitance increases with larger plate area and decreases with longer distance between plates.