The correct answer is (c). Black cotton soil is a type of soil that is rich in organic matter and has a high clay content. It is found in the Deccan Plateau of India, and is also known as regur soil. Black cotton soil is formed by the weathering of granite and schist, which are two types of igneous rock. The weathering process is slow and takes millions of years. During this time, the rock is broken down into smaller and smaller pieces, and the organic matter from plants and animals is added to the soil. The result is a rich, dark soil that is ideal for growing crops.
(a) Brown forest soil is a type of soil that is found in temperate forests. It is formed by the weathering of limestone and sandstone. Brown forest soil is not as rich in organic matter as black cotton soil, and it has a lower clay content.
(b) Fissure volcanic rock is a type of volcanic rock that is formed when lava flows through cracks in the Earth’s crust. Fissure volcanic rock is not as common as other types of volcanic rock, and it is not found in India.
(d) Shale and limestone are two types of sedimentary rock. Sedimentary rocks are formed when layers of sediment are deposited over time. Shale is a type of sedimentary rock that is formed from clay. Limestone is a type of sedimentary rock that is formed from calcium carbonate. Shale and limestone are not as rich in organic matter as black cotton soil, and they have a lower clay content.