The correct answer is D. All of the above.
Minerals are essential for a wide range of industries, including cement production, steel manufacturing, and thermal power generation.
Cement is a key ingredient in concrete, which is used in construction. Steel is used in a variety of products, including buildings, bridges, and cars. Thermal power plants use coal or natural gas to generate electricity.
All of these industries require access to a variety of minerals, including iron ore, coal, limestone, and sand. The availability of these minerals can affect the cost of production and the competitiveness of these industries.
For example, the price of iron ore has increased significantly in recent years, which has led to higher costs for steel manufacturers. This has made it more difficult for steel manufacturers to compete with foreign producers.
The availability of minerals can also affect the environment. For example, mining can damage land and water resources. The burning of coal can contribute to air pollution.
It is important to manage the use of minerals in a sustainable way. This means using minerals efficiently and minimizing the environmental impact of mining and other activities.