The correct answer is D. All of the above.
Intellectual property (IP) refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions; literary and artistic works; designs; and symbols, names and images used in commerce. IP is protected in law by, for example, patents, copyright and trademarks, which enable people to earn recognition or financial benefit from what they invent or create. By striking the right balance between the interests of innovators and the wider public interest, the IP system aims to foster an environment in which creativity and innovation can flourish.
Copyrights and related rights protect original works of authorship, such as books, music, films, and computer software. They also protect performances, recordings, broadcasts, and the like. Copyrights are granted by the government and give the owner the exclusive right to make copies of the work, to create derivative works, to perform the work publicly, and to display the work publicly.
Trademarks include words, phrases, symbols, and designs that identify and distinguish the source of the goods of one party from those of others. Service marks are similar to trademarks, but they identify and distinguish the source of a service rather than a good. Trademarks and service marks are granted by the government and
are used to prevent consumers from being confused about the source of goods or services.Industrial designs protect the ornamental
or aesthetic aspects of the appearance of a product resulting from the features of, in particular, the lines, contours, colours, shape, texture and/or materials of the product itself and/or its ornamentation. Industrial designs are granted by the government and are used to prevent others from copying the design of a product.The layout designs of integrated circuits protect the layout of the components, such as transistors and capacitors, and the interconnections of an integrated circuit. Layout designs are granted by the government and are used to prevent others from copying the layout of an integrated circuit.