The amount of force exerted over an area of surface is called:

Density
Weight
Temperature
Pressure

The correct answer is: D. Pressure

Pressure is the force exerted over an area of surface. It is a scalar quantity, meaning it has only magnitude and no direction. Pressure is often measured in pascals (Pa), which are equivalent to newtons per square meter (N/m2).

Density is the mass of a substance per unit volume. It is a scalar quantity, meaning it has only magnitude and no direction. Density is often measured in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3) or kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3).

Weight is the force of gravity on an object. It is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction. Weight is often measured in newtons (N).

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. It is a scalar quantity, meaning it has only magnitude and no direction. Temperature is often measured in degrees Celsius (°C) or degrees Fahrenheit (°F).