The correct answer is: A. lead and lead peroxide.
A lead-acid battery is a type of rechargeable battery that uses lead electrodes and a sulfuric acid electrolyte. The active materials on the positive and negative plates of a fully charged lead-acid battery are lead peroxide and lead, respectively.
When the battery is discharged, the lead peroxide on the positive plate is converted to lead sulfate, and the lead on the negative plate is also converted to lead sulfate. The sulfuric acid electrolyte is also consumed during the discharge process.
When the battery is recharged, the lead sulfate on the positive and negative plates is converted back to lead peroxide and lead, respectively. The sulfuric acid electrolyte is also replenished during the recharge process.
Lead-acid batteries are commonly used in automobiles, motorcycles, and other vehicles. They are also used in backup power systems, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), and other applications.
Here is a brief explanation of each option:
- Option A: lead and lead peroxide. This is the correct answer. The active materials on the positive and negative plates of a fully charged lead-acid battery are lead peroxide and lead, respectively.
- Option B: lead sulphate and lead. This is incorrect. The active materials on the positive and negative plates of a fully charged lead-acid battery are lead peroxide and lead, respectively. Lead sulfate is formed on the positive and negative plates when the battery is discharged.
- Option C: lead peroxide and lead. This is incorrect. The active materials on the positive and negative plates of a fully charged lead-acid battery are lead peroxide and lead, respectively. Lead is formed on the positive and negative plates when the battery is discharged.
- Option D: none of the above. This is incorrect. The active materials on the positive and negative plates of a fully charged lead-acid battery are lead peroxide and lead, respectively.