Tea growing in India in the 19th century was made possible by

Joseph Banks

James Cook

Robert Fortune

Robert Owen

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This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-2 – 2018

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Robert Fortune was a Scottish botanist who played a crucial role in the introduction of tea cultivation to India in the 19th century. He was commissioned by the British East India Company in the 1840s to travel to China and secretly collect tea plants, seeds, and knowledge about tea processing, which were then introduced and cultivated in British India.

Before Fortune’s efforts, attempts to cultivate tea in India using plants from China were less successful. Fortune’s expeditions significantly contributed to establishing the Indian tea industry on a commercial scale, particularly in Assam and Darjeeling, using both smuggled Chinese tea plants and indigenous Assam tea varieties discovered earlier.

Joseph Banks advised on agricultural matters but was not directly involved in establishing the Indian tea industry in the 19th century. James Cook was an explorer. Robert Owen was a social reformer and a founder of utopian socialism.

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