World History

81. Which of the following statements regarding the Industrial Revolution

Which of the following statements regarding the Industrial Revolution is/are correct?

  • 1. It was change of a society from a rural and agricultural lifestyle to one in which most people earned their living in the industrial or secondary sector of the economy.
  • 2. The first Industrial Revolution began in Germany in the early eighteenth century.
  • 3. During Industrial Revolution, technological advances in iron smelting, and later steel production, were accompanied by the invention of steam engine.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”2 and 3 only” option3=”1 and 3 only” option4=”1, 2 and 3″ correct=”option3″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2024
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Statements 1 and 3 are correct regarding the Industrial Revolution. Statement 2 is incorrect.
The Industrial Revolution marked a fundamental shift from agrarian and handicraft economies to industrial ones, originating in Great Britain in the late 18th century and involving key technological advancements like the steam engine and improvements in metal production.
1. The shift from a rural, agricultural society to one based on manufacturing and the secondary sector is a defining characteristic of the Industrial Revolution.
2. The first Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain (England), not Germany, and it is generally considered to have started in the latter half of the 18th century (around the 1760s), not the early 18th century.
3. Major technological breakthroughs during the first Industrial Revolution included innovations in textile machinery, the steam engine (perfected by James Watt), and significant advancements in iron production (e.g., Abraham Darby’s coke smelting) and later, steel production.

82. Who among the following was not in the core leadership of the Non-Al

Who among the following was not in the core leadership of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) in its formative phase?

[amp_mcq option1=”Kwame Nkrumah” option2=”Gamal Abdel Nasser” option3=”Jawaharlal Nehru” option4=”Fidel Castro” correct=”option4″]

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UPSC CDS-1 – 2023
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The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) was founded by key leaders representing countries that sought to remain independent of the major Cold War power blocs. The formative phase and initial core leadership are commonly associated with Jawaharlal Nehru (India), Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egypt), Josip Broz Tito (Yugoslavia), Sukarno (Indonesia), and Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana). Fidel Castro of Cuba became a significant figure in NAM later, particularly from the late 1970s onwards, but was not part of the core group that established the movement in its initial stages (Bandung Conference 1955, Belgrade Conference 1961).
– The founders and core leaders of NAM in its formative phase included Nehru, Nasser, Tito, Sukarno, and Nkrumah.
– Fidel Castro played a prominent role in NAM during later periods, such as hosting the 1979 summit.
The Non-Aligned Movement emerged during the Cold War as a forum for states not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. Its goal was to uphold principles like national sovereignty, territorial integrity, and non-interference in the internal affairs of other nations, and to promote international cooperation.

83. Who among the following is the author of the famous novel, City of Joy

Who among the following is the author of the famous novel, City of Joy ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Larry Collins” option2=”Dominique Lapierre” option3=”Rudyard Kipling” option4=”Mark Tully” correct=”option2″]

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UPSC CDS-1 – 2023
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The correct answer is B, Dominique Lapierre.
“City of Joy” is a renowned 1985 novel written by French author Dominique Lapierre. The book is based on the lives of inhabitants of an impoverished slum in Kolkata (formerly Calcutta), India. It depicts the struggles and resilience of the people living there.
Dominique Lapierre often wrote about India and its people, sometimes in collaboration with Larry Collins (e.g., “Freedom at Midnight”, “Is Paris Burning?”). A film adaptation of “City of Joy” was released in 1992, directed by Roland Joffé and starring Patrick Swayze.

84. Which one of the following is the venue of the UN 2023 Water

Which one of the following is the venue of the UN 2023 Water Conference?

[amp_mcq option1=”Washington, DC” option2=”New York” option3=”San Diego” option4=”New Delhi” correct=”option2″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2023
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The UN 2023 Water Conference was held at the United Nations Headquarters in New York.
– The conference, officially known as the 2023 Water Conference for the Midterm Review of the Implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals related to Water and Sanitation, took place from 22-24 March 2023.
– It was co-hosted by the Netherlands and Tajikistan.
– The conference aimed to accelerate progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) and other water-related goals.
– This was the first UN conference on water in 46 years, following the 1977 Mar del Plata conference.
The UN Water Conference served as a crucial platform for stakeholders to commit to voluntary actions to address global water challenges and contribute to the Water Action Agenda.

85. Which one of the following is the first urban settlement in the world

Which one of the following is the first urban settlement in the world to reach a population size of one million (million-plus city) ?

[amp_mcq option1=”London” option2=”Paris” option3=”New York” option4=”Washington D.C.” correct=”option1″]

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UPSC CDS-1 – 2022
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London was the first urban settlement in the world to reach a population size of one million.
London’s population reached one million around the year 1800 or slightly after, becoming the largest city in the world at that time due to industrialization and increased trade.
While cities like Rome in antiquity might have had populations approaching or even exceeding a million at their peak, London is widely recognized as the first modern city to reach this milestone during the Industrial Revolution era. Paris reached a million later in the 19th century, and New York and Washington D.C. reached it even later.

86. Peninsula Shield Force is a military arm of

Peninsula Shield Force is a military arm of

[amp_mcq option1=”Organization of Islamic Cooperation” option2=”Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries” option3=”Gulf Cooperation Council” option4=”Arab League” correct=”option3″]

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UPSC CDS-1 – 2021
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Peninsula Shield Force is a military arm of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).
The Peninsula Shield Force is the joint military arm of the six countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) – Saudi Arabia, UAE, Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, and Kuwait. Its primary role is to defend the member states against external threats.
The force was established in 1984 and is headquartered in Saudi Arabia. It has been involved in various operations, including intervention during unrest in Bahrain in 2011.

87. Who among the following was the first to arrive in Africa as traders t

Who among the following was the first to arrive in Africa as traders that eventually led to European colonization of Africa?

[amp_mcq option1=”French” option2=”Spanish” option3=”Portuguese” option4=”Dutch” correct=”option3″]

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UPSC CDS-1 – 2020
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The Portuguese were the pioneers of European maritime exploration along the African coast starting in the 15th century. They established trading posts (factories) along the coasts, initially for gold, ivory, and slaves, laying the groundwork for later European involvement and eventual colonization.
Prince Henry the Navigator sponsored voyages down the West African coast, leading to the establishment of trading relationships and posts. By the late 15th century, Vasco da Gama had rounded the Cape of Good Hope, opening up the sea route to India and further expanding Portuguese influence and trade along the East African coast.
While other European powers like the Spanish, Dutch, and French later became significant players in African trade and colonization, the Portuguese were the first to arrive and establish a presence based on maritime trade.

88. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists :

List-I (City)List-II (Product)
A. Detroit1. Motorcar
B. Antwerp2. Diamond cutting
C. Tokyo3. Steel
D. Harbin4. Shipbuilding

[amp_mcq option1=”A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1″ option2=”A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1″ option3=”A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3″ option4=”A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3″ correct=”option4″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2019
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The correct matches are: Detroit is known for Motorcars (Automobile industry), Antwerp is a major center for Diamond cutting and trade, Tokyo is a significant port city and a major hub for Shipbuilding and electronics, and Harbin is an industrial city in China historically associated with Steel production.
– Detroit: Automobile manufacturing (Motor City).
– Antwerp: Diamond trade and processing.
– Tokyo: Shipbuilding, electronics, finance (major global city).
– Harbin: Heavy industry, including historical links to steel.
Matching these yields: A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3, which corresponds to option D.

89. The ‘Beijing Declaration’ is concerned with which one of the following

The ‘Beijing Declaration’ is concerned with which one of the following issues?

[amp_mcq option1=”Rights of children” option2=”Rights of women” option3=”Right to development” option4=”Reduction of tariffs” correct=”option2″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2019
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The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action was adopted at the Fourth World Conference on Women, held in Beijing, China, in 1995. It is considered a key global policy document on gender equality and women’s empowerment. The declaration affirmed the commitment of governments to the equal rights and inherent human dignity of women and girls and outlined twelve critical areas of concern requiring action to advance women’s rights.
– The Beijing Declaration was adopted at the Fourth World Conference on Women in 1995.
– It is a foundational document for advancing gender equality and women’s rights globally.
The twelve critical areas of concern identified in the Platform for Action include poverty, education, health, violence against women, armed conflict, the economy, power and decision-making, institutional mechanisms, human rights, media, environment, and the girl child.

90. The South China Sea Dispute involves which of the following countries?

The South China Sea Dispute involves which of the following countries?

  • 1. China
  • 2. Vietnam
  • 3. Malaysia
  • 4. Indonesia

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

[amp_mcq option1=”1 and 4″ option2=”1 and 2 only” option3=”1, 2 and 3″ option4=”2, 3 and 4″ correct=”option3″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2019
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The South China Sea dispute involves complex territorial and maritime claims among several countries bordering the sea. The primary claimants to islands (such as the Spratly Islands and Paracel Islands) and maritime zones include China (mainland), Taiwan, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Brunei. Indonesia is involved in disputes with China over fishing rights in its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) that overlaps with China’s expansive nine-dash line claim, although Indonesia is not typically listed as a claimant to the islands themselves. Among the options provided, the set including China (1), Vietnam (2), and Malaysia (3) represents some of the key countries directly involved in the territorial dispute over islands and maritime claims.
– Key claimants in the South China Sea territorial disputes include China, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, and Taiwan.
– Indonesia is involved in maritime disputes with China regarding its EEZ.
The dispute centers on sovereignty over islands and rocks, historical rights, and rights to resources within the sea, leading to significant geopolitical tensions. The Nine-Dash Line used by China to assert its claims is a major point of contention.
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