World History

During the mid 19th century Industrial Revolution, the average life span of workers in Manchester was

[amp_mcq option1=”17 years” option2=”30 years” option3=”55 years” option4=”62 years” correct=”option1″]

The correct answer is 17 years.

Historical accounts, particularly from sources like Friedrich Engels’ *The Condition of the Working Class in England* (1844), documented the extremely poor living and working conditions of factory workers during the Industrial Revolution in cities like Manchester.

Engels cited stark statistics showing the average life expectancy of unskilled labourers in Manchester to be as low as 17 years, significantly lower than in rural areas or for higher classes within the same city. This reflected the devastating impact of industrialisation, pollution, poor sanitation, overcrowding, disease, and harsh working conditions on the health and longevity of the working class.

Which of the following statements relating to the Bandung Conference on Afro-Asian Resurgence (1955) are correct ?

• Bandung Conference was organized by Indonesia, Myanmar (Burma), Ceylon (Sri Lanka), India, and Pakistan in which 29 countries representing more than half of the world’s population sent delegates
• The Conference reflected the five sponsors’ dissatisfaction with what they regarded as a reluctance by the Western powers to consult with them on decisions affecting Asia
• The Conference was concerned over tension between the People’s Republic of China and the United States

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”1 and 2 only” option2=”2 and 3 only” option3=”1 and 3 only” option4=”1, 2 and 3″ correct=”option4″]

All three statements about the Bandung Conference (also known as the Afro-Asian Conference) held in 1955 are correct.
1. The conference was indeed sponsored by Indonesia, Myanmar (Burma), Ceylon (Sri Lanka), India, and Pakistan. 29 countries from Asia and Africa participated, representing a significant portion of the world’s population.
2. The conference aimed to promote Afro-Asian economic and cultural cooperation and oppose colonialism. It did reflect the desire of these nations to play a greater role in international affairs and their dissatisfaction with being excluded from decisions made by Western powers that affected them.
3. Held during the height of the Cold War, the conference was concerned about the tensions between the major powers, particularly the US and the People’s Republic of China, and advocated for peaceful coexistence and non-alignment. China, represented by Zhou Enlai, played a significant role in the conference.

The Bandung Conference was a landmark event in the history of decolonization and the Non-Aligned Movement, asserting the identity and aspirations of newly independent nations.

Key principles adopted at the conference included respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, abstention from intervention or interference in the internal affairs of other countries, equality among all races and nations, and peaceful coexistence.