World History

91. Which of the following are the core functions of the United Nations mu

Which of the following are the core functions of the United Nations multidimensional peacekeeping operations?

  • 1. Stabilization
  • 2. Peace consolidation
  • 3. To extend support to a losing State in a war

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

[amp_mcq option1=”1, 2 and 3″ option2=”2 and 3 only” option3=”1 and 3 only” option4=”1 and 2 only” correct=”option4″]

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UN multidimensional peacekeeping operations are complex missions deployed in post-conflict situations. Their core functions extend beyond traditional military tasks (like monitoring ceasefires) to include civilian components aimed at building sustainable peace. Stabilization (1) is a key goal, involving creating a secure environment. Peace consolidation (2) involves supporting political processes, reforming security institutions, assisting in disarmament and demobilization, promoting human rights, and restoring the rule of law – all aimed at building durable peace. Option 3, supporting a losing state in a war, is not a function of UN peacekeeping. Peacekeeping operations are based on principles of impartiality and consent of the main parties to the conflict and do not intervene militarily to support one side against another.
– UN peacekeeping aims to stabilize conflict zones and consolidate peace.
– Impartiality and non-interference in the conflict are core principles; supporting a belligerent party is not a function.
Multidimensional peacekeeping operations often involve military, police, and civilian personnel working together on a range of tasks, including electoral support, human rights monitoring, humanitarian assistance coordination, and economic recovery facilitation.

92. Which one of the following developments took place because of the Kans

Which one of the following developments took place because of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854?

[amp_mcq option1=”The Missouri Compromise was repealed and people of Kansas and Nebraska were allowed to determine whether they should own slaves or not.” option2=”The Act did not permit the territories the right to vote over the question of slavery.” option3=”The voice of the majority in regard to the issue of slavery was muzzled.” option4=”The Federal Government had the sole authority to decide on slavery.” correct=”option1″]

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The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 was a significant event leading up to the American Civil War. It proposed creating two new territories, Kansas and Nebraska. To determine the issue of slavery in these territories, the Act repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820, which had prohibited slavery in the Louisiana Purchase territory north of 36°30′ latitude. Instead, the Act introduced the principle of ‘popular sovereignty’, allowing the settlers in these territories to decide for themselves through a vote whether to allow slavery or not. Option A accurately describes this key development: the repeal of the Missouri Compromise and the application of popular sovereignty.
– The Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820.
– It introduced the principle of popular sovereignty, allowing residents of the territories to decide on slavery.
The application of popular sovereignty in Kansas led to violent conflict between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers, earning the territory the nickname “Bleeding Kansas”. The Act further heightened tensions between the North and the South over the expansion of slavery.

93. Which Arab scientist could be given the credit of christening the math

Which Arab scientist could be given the credit of christening the mathematical discipline of algorithm?

[amp_mcq option1=”Al-Khwarizmi” option2=”Ibn al-Haytham” option3=”Ibn Rushd” option4=”Ibn Sina” correct=”option1″]

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The word “algorithm” is derived from the Latinized name of the 9th-century Persian mathematician, astronomer, and geographer Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (c. 780–850 AD). His book on Hindu-Arabic numerals, translated into Latin in the 12th century, was titled “Algorismi de numero Indorum” (Algorismi on the Hindu Art of Reckoning). “Algorismi” refers to al-Khwarizmi, and the term “algorithm” evolved from his name in connection with the rules he provided for arithmetic using decimal numbers.
– The term “algorithm” originates from the name of the mathematician al-Khwarizmi.
– His work on arithmetic using Hindu-Arabic numerals was influential in Europe.
– Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen) was a prominent Arab physicist and mathematician known for his contributions to optics.
– Ibn Rushd (Averroes) was an Andalusian polymath known for his work in philosophy and medicine.
– Ibn Sina (Avicenna) was a Persian polymath known for his work in medicine and philosophy.

94. Who was the author of the book, Plagues and Peoples?

Who was the author of the book, Plagues and Peoples?

[amp_mcq option1=”W. L. Thomas” option2=”Rachel Carson” option3=”David Cannadine” option4=”William H. McNeill” correct=”option4″]

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The author of the acclaimed book ‘Plagues and Peoples’ is William H. McNeill.
William H. McNeill (1917-2016) was a highly influential American historian known for his contributions to world history and the study of the impact of diseases on historical developments.
‘Plagues and Peoples’, published in 1976, is a seminal work that explores the role of infectious diseases in shaping the course of human history, from prehistoric times to the present day. It argues that disease history is crucial to understanding demographic changes, migrations, conquests, and the rise and fall of civilizations. Rachel Carson is known for ‘Silent Spring’ (environmental science), W. L. Thomas (likely referring to William Thomas) was a sociologist known for the Thomas theorem, and David Cannadine is a historian specializing in British social and cultural history.

95. Which one of the following became a part of China in 1997 following th

Which one of the following became a part of China in 1997 following the principle of ‘one country, two systems’?

[amp_mcq option1=”Tibet” option2=”Hong Kong” option3=”Xinjiang” option4=”Inner Mongolia” correct=”option2″]

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Hong Kong became a part of China in 1997 following the principle of ‘one country, two systems’. It was formerly a British colony and was handed over to China on July 1, 1997. Under this principle, Hong Kong was designated as a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People’s Republic of China, retaining its economic and administrative systems (including legal, currency, customs, immigration) for a period of 50 years, while being subject to Chinese sovereignty.
– The ‘one country, two systems’ principle was applied to former colonial territories returned to China.
– Hong Kong was returned by the UK in 1997 under this principle.
– Macau was returned by Portugal in 1999, also under this principle.
Tibet, Xinjiang, and Inner Mongolia are Autonomous Regions within mainland China and are not governed under the ‘one country, two systems’ framework designed for SARs like Hong Kong and Macau. While they have some degree of autonomy, their political and economic systems are integrated with mainland China’s socialist system.

96. Which of the following statements about the usage of the term ‘barbari

Which of the following statements about the usage of the term ‘barbarian’ is/are correct?

  • 1. It is derived from the Greek word ‘barbaros’ which means a non-Greek.
  • 2. Romans used the term for the Germanic tribes, the Gauls and the Huns.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”2 only” option3=”Both 1 and 2″ option4=”Neither 1 nor 2″ correct=”option3″]

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The correct answer is (C) Both 1 and 2.
Statement 1 is correct: The term ‘barbarian’ is derived from the ancient Greek word ‘barbaros’, which was originally used to describe non-Greek speakers, implying their language sounded like meaningless babbling (“bar bar”).
Statement 2 is correct: The Romans adopted the Greek term ‘barbaros’ (as ‘barbarus’) and applied it to peoples outside the Greco-Roman world and empire, including various tribes like the Germanic tribes, Gauls, and Huns.
The term ‘barbarian’ carried connotations of being uncivilized, primitive, or lacking culture from the perspective of the Greeks and Romans. Its meaning evolved over time but fundamentally served to differentiate ‘us’ (the civilized) from ‘them’ (the outsiders).

97. Directions: The following two (2) items consist of two statements, Sta

Directions:
The following two (2) items consist of two statements, Statement I and Statement II. Examine these two statements carefully and select the correct answer using the code given below.
111. Statement I :
The passing of the Coercive Acts made reconciliation between Britain and her American colonies virtually impossible.
Statement II :
The British Parliament, having issued the Stamp Act in 1765, repealed it later.
Code :

[amp_mcq option1=”Both the statements are individually true and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I” option2=”Both the statements are individually true but Statement II is not the correct explanation of Statement I” option3=”Statement I is true but Statement II is false” option4=”Statement I is false but Statement II is true” correct=”option2″]

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Statement I asserts that the Coercive Acts made reconciliation between Britain and its American colonies virtually impossible. The Coercive Acts (1774), seen as punishment for the Boston Tea Party, closed the port of Boston, altered the Massachusetts charter, and restricted town meetings, among other punitive measures. These acts were perceived as a major assault on colonial liberties and significantly escalated tensions, pushing the colonies closer to rebellion. Thus, Statement I is true. Statement II states that the British Parliament, having issued the Stamp Act in 1765, repealed it later. The Stamp Act was indeed passed in 1765 and repealed in 1766 due to colonial resistance. This statement is also true. However, the repeal of the Stamp Act in 1766 was an earlier event that temporarily eased tensions, while the Coercive Acts of 1774 reignited and intensified conflict. The repeal of the Stamp Act does not explain why the Coercive Acts made reconciliation impossible; in fact, the failure of such attempts at reconciliation (like the Stamp Act repeal) arguably highlighted the widening gap that later acts like the Coercive Acts exploited. Therefore, both statements are individually true, but Statement II is not the correct explanation of Statement I.
Statement I accurately describes the impact of the Coercive Acts on Anglo-American relations. Statement II accurately describes the passage and repeal of the Stamp Act. The repeal of the Stamp Act (1766) is historically separate from and does not explain the impact of the Coercive Acts (1774).
The Coercive Acts were followed by the First Continental Congress in 1774, where colonial delegates met to coordinate a response, further cementing opposition to British rule. The repeal of the Stamp Act in 1766 was accompanied by the Declaratory Act, asserting Parliament’s authority to legislate for the colonies “in all cases whatsoever,” which foreshadowed future conflicts.

98. BREXIT refers to the Great Britain leaving which one of the following?

BREXIT refers to the Great Britain leaving which one of the following?

[amp_mcq option1=”International Monetary Fund” option2=”Commonwealth” option3=”World Trade Organization” option4=”European Union” correct=”option4″]

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BREXIT is a portmanteau of “British exit” and refers to the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union. The UK held a referendum on June 23, 2016, where voters decided to leave the EU. The process was formally initiated in March 2017 and the UK officially left the EU on January 31, 2020.
BREXIT specifically denotes the UK’s departure from the European Union.
The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of member states located primarily in Europe. The withdrawal process was complex and involved negotiations on future relations, including trade. The term BREXIT gained widespread prominence following the 2016 referendum.

99. Alexander Kerensky was

Alexander Kerensky was

[amp_mcq option1=”the head of the Provisional Government in Russia before the October Revolution” option2=”a close confidant of Lenin, with whose help the Czar was dethroned” option3=”the head of the Czar’s army” option4=”an advisor of Joseph Stalin” correct=”option1″]

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Alexander Kerensky was the head of the Provisional Government in Russia before the October Revolution.
Following the February Revolution of 1917 which led to the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, a Provisional Government was formed in Russia. Alexander Kerensky initially served as Minister of War and later became the Prime Minister of this Provisional Government in July 1917.
Kerensky’s government faced numerous challenges, including continuing Russia’s involvement in World War I, internal dissent, and rising power of the Soviets. The Provisional Government was ultimately overthrown by the Bolsheviks led by Vladimir Lenin during the October Revolution (November 1917 according to the Gregorian calendar). Kerensky was a key figure opposing the Bolshevik takeover.

100. George Washington was made the Commander in Chief of the American

George Washington was made the Commander in Chief of the American forces

[amp_mcq option1=”in December 1773, after the Boston Tea Party” option2=”at the First Continental Congress in September 1774″ option3=”at the Second Continental Congress in 1775″ option4=”by the Continental Congress at the Declaration of Independence on 4th July, 1776″ correct=”option3″]

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George Washington was made the Commander in Chief of the American forces at the Second Continental Congress in 1775.
The Second Continental Congress convened in Philadelphia starting in May 1775, shortly after the Battles of Lexington and Concord had initiated the American Revolutionary War. One of its crucial early decisions was to establish a unified Continental Army and appoint a commander.
On June 15, 1775, John Adams nominated George Washington of Virginia to be Commander-in-Chief of the newly formed Continental Army. Washington accepted the appointment and took command in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in July 1775. The Boston Tea Party occurred in December 1773, the First Continental Congress was in September 1774, and the Declaration of Independence was issued on July 4, 1776, all prior to or separate from the appointment date.
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