The Languages

1. In which one of the following countries is Tamil an official language

In which one of the following countries is Tamil an official language ?

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Singapore
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2017
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Tamil is one of the official languages in Singapore.
Singapore has four official languages: English, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil.
Tamil is also an official language in Sri Lanka and has significant recognition in Malaysia. It is a Dravidian language spoken by the Tamil people of India and the Tamil diaspora.

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2. The major part of Central Asia is dominated by which one of the follow

The major part of Central Asia is dominated by which one of the following language families?

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Indo-European
Sino-Tibetan
Austric
Altaic
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2020
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The major language family dominating Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan) is the Turkic language family, which includes Kazakh, Uzbek, Turkmen, and Kyrgyz. While the Altaic language family hypothesis (which groups Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungistic languages) is debated among linguists, among the options provided, ‘Altaic’ is the only one that encompasses the widely spoken Turkic languages of the region.
Tajik is an exception, being an Indo-European language (a dialect of Persian) spoken in Tajikistan. However, the Turkic languages cover a much larger geographical area and population in Central Asia.
Indo-European languages are spoken by minorities (e.g., Russian, Persian/Tajik). Sino-Tibetan languages are centered in East Asia. Austric is a proposed macrofamily spanning parts of Southeast Asia and Oceania.

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