The Governance System

31. Bharat Wagon and Engineering Company Limited, Burn Standard Company Li

Bharat Wagon and Engineering Company Limited, Burn Standard Company Limited and the Lagan Jute Machinery Company Limited are subsidiary companies under the administrative control of which one of the following Ministries ?

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Ministry of Railways
Ministry of Textiles
Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises
This question was previously asked in
UPSC SO-Steno – 2017
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Bharat Wagon and Engineering Company Limited (BWEL), Burn Standard Company Limited (BSCL), and Lagan Jute Machinery Company Limited (LJMCL) are/were Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs). Historically and at the time these companies were operational as government entities, they fell under the administrative control of the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises (specifically the Department of Heavy Industry). Both BWEL and BSCL were railway wagon manufacturing companies initially under the Ministry of Railways but were later transferred to the Department of Heavy Industry. LJMCL was also under the Department of Heavy Industry, dealing with jute machinery.
Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) are typically under the administrative control of specific government Ministries based on their sector of operation.
The Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises is responsible for public sector enterprises in the heavy manufacturing and engineering sectors. Both BWEL and BSCL have since been liquidated. LJMCL continues to exist as a subsidiary of Braithwaite & Co. Ltd., also a CPSE under the Ministry of Heavy Industries.

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32. Drafting of Bills is the responsibility of

Drafting of Bills is the responsibility of

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the Ministry/Department concerned
the Ministry of Law and Justice
the Cabinet Secretariat
the Ministry of Home Affairs
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UPSC SO-Steno – 2017
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While the concerned Ministry/Department is responsible for formulating the policy content and objectives of a proposed law, the technical drafting of the Bill into precise legal language is primarily the responsibility of the Legislative Department within the Ministry of Law and Justice. This department provides the necessary legal expertise to ensure that the Bill is legally sound, consistent with the Constitution and existing laws, and accurately reflects the policy intent.
The Ministry of Law and Justice, specifically its Legislative Department, holds the core responsibility for the technical drafting of legislative Bills in India.
After the policy is decided by the concerned Ministry and approved by the Cabinet, the proposal is sent to the Ministry of Law and Justice for drafting. The draft Bill is then circulated, reviewed, and eventually introduced in Parliament.

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33. Which one of the following statements is correct ?

Which one of the following statements is correct ?

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Directive Principles of State Policy are not justiciable.
Legislations included in Ninth Schedule are not justiciable.
Laws enacted under Article 323-A are not justiciable.
Ordinances promulgated by the President of India are not justiciable.
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UPSC SO-Steno – 2017
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Statement A is correct. Article 37 of the Constitution, which is part of Part IV containing the Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs), clearly states, “The provisions contained in this Part shall not be enforceable by any court”. This means DPSPs are non-justiciable, i.e., they cannot be enforced through legal action in courts.
Statement B is incorrect. While laws placed in the Ninth Schedule were initially considered immune from judicial review, the Supreme Court in the I.R. Coelho case (2007) ruled that laws placed in the Ninth Schedule after April 24, 1973 (the date of the Kesavananda Bharati judgment) are subject to judicial review if they violate the basic structure of the Constitution.
Statement C is incorrect. Laws enacted under Article 323-A (Administrative Tribunals) establish tribunals whose decisions are subject to judicial review by High Courts (under Articles 226/227) and the Supreme Court (under Article 136), as established in the L. Chandra Kumar case (1997).
Statement D is incorrect. Ordinances promulgated by the President under Article 123 or Governors under Article 213 are laws and are subject to judicial review on grounds such as lack of legislative competence, violation of fundamental rights, or malafide intent (as established in cases like D.C. Wadhwa vs. State of Bihar).
Directive Principles of State Policy are explicitly made non-justiciable by Article 37 of the Constitution.
Justiciability refers to the ability to enforce rights or principles through court action. While DPSPs are non-justiciable, they are fundamental in the governance of the country and are expected to guide the State in making laws.

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34. Which one of the following statements is correct ?

Which one of the following statements is correct ?

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Any citizen of India above eighteen years of age can be appointed as the Prime Minister.
The Union Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Parliament.
While deciding any question regarding the age of a judge of a High Court, the President shall take advice of the Chief Justice of India.
While deciding any question regarding disqualification of a Member of Parliament, the President has power to decide the question after consulting the Supreme Court.
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Statement C is correct. According to Article 217(3) of the Constitution, any question regarding the age of a Judge of a High Court shall be decided by the President after consultation with the Chief Justice of India, and the decision of the President shall be final.
Statement A is incorrect; the minimum age to be appointed as Prime Minister is linked to the minimum age for being a Member of Parliament (25 for Lok Sabha, 30 for Rajya Sabha), not just being a citizen above eighteen. Statement B is incorrect; the Union Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the House of the People (Lok Sabha) only, as per Article 75(3), not the entire Parliament. Statement D is incorrect; while the President decides on the disqualification of an MP under Article 102(1), the President must obtain the opinion of the Election Commission and act according to that opinion, not consult the Supreme Court, as per Article 103(2).
The procedure for deciding the age of a High Court judge is crucial for matters related to their tenure and retirement. The final decision rests with the President, based on the advice of the Chief Justice of India.

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35. Which one of the following organisations is not under the administrati

Which one of the following organisations is not under the administrative control of the Department of Commerce?

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Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics
Marine Products Export Development Authority
Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority
Competition Commission of India
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UPSC SO-Steno – 2017
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The Competition Commission of India (CCI) is a statutory body responsible for enforcing the Competition Act, 2002. It functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, not the Department of Commerce.
– The Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics (DGCIS) is the official agency for trade statistics and commercial information in India, under the Department of Commerce.
– The Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA) is a statutory body under the Department of Commerce responsible for the development of the marine products industry with special reference to export.
– The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) is a statutory body under the Department of Commerce responsible for the export promotion of agricultural and processed food products.
– The Ministry of Corporate Affairs is responsible for the administration of the Companies Act, 2013, the Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008, the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, and the Competition Act, 2002, among others.

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36. The Department of Commerce can decide matters relating to grant of fis

The Department of Commerce can decide matters relating to grant of fiscal concessions in Special Economic Zones with the concurrence of

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the Minister-in-charge of the Department
the Department of Economic Affairs
the Department of Revenue
the Parliament
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UPSC SO-Steno – 2017
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Matters relating to the grant of fiscal concessions involve taxation and revenue. While the Department of Commerce is the nodal department for SEZ policy, decisions concerning fiscal matters, especially concessions, require the concurrence of the Department of Revenue within the Ministry of Finance.
– Fiscal concessions in SEZs typically involve exemptions or reductions in customs duty, excise duty, income tax, etc.
– The Department of Revenue is responsible for the administration of direct and indirect taxes in India.
– Any decision impacting government revenue requires consultation with and concurrence from the Ministry of Finance, specifically the Department of Revenue for tax-related matters.
– The SEZ Act, 2005 and SEZ Rules specify the framework for fiscal concessions, but administrative decisions and interpretations often require inter-ministerial consultation, particularly with the Ministry of Finance.

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37. Which one of the following cadres is not managed by the Ministry of

Which one of the following cadres is not managed by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry ?

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Indian Economic Service
Indian Trade Service
Indian Supply Service
Indian Inspection Service
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UPSC SO-Steno – 2017
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The Indian Economic Service (IES) is not managed by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. It is jointly managed by the Department of Economic Affairs (DEA) in the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions.
– The Indian Trade Service (ITS) is a cadre managed by the Department of Commerce under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
– The Indian Supply Service (ISS) was historically associated with the Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals (DGS&D), which was at times under the Ministry of Commerce, but ISS is not a primary cadre managed by the current Ministry of Commerce and Industry structure compared to ITS.
– The Indian Inspection Service is not a standard recognized central civil service cadre managed by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
– The IES cadre provides professionals who handle economic analysis, policy advice, and program implementation in various government ministries and departments.
– The ITS cadre deals with foreign trade promotion and regulation.

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38. The Commission of Railway Safety functions under the administrative co

The Commission of Railway Safety functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of

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Labour and Employment
Railways
Commerce and Industries
Civil Aviation
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The Commission of Railway Safety (CRS) is a government safety authority that investigates serious railway accidents. To ensure its independence from the operational body (Ministry of Railways), it functions under the administrative control of the Ministry of Civil Aviation.
Placing the railway safety regulator under a different ministry than the one operating the railways enhances its autonomy and impartiality in investigating accidents and recommending safety measures.
The CRS is the nodal body responsible for ensuring safety in rail travel and operations in India. Its role is crucial in accident inquiry and suggesting improvements in railway infrastructure and procedures.

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39. Which one of the following Ministries/Departments handles matters rela

Which one of the following Ministries/Departments handles matters related to private air transport (including Cargo) Industry ?

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Department of Heavy Industries
Department of Defence Production
Ministry of Civil Aviation
Ministry of Tourism
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UPSC SO-Steno – 2017
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Matters related to private air transport (including Cargo) Industry, airlines, airports, air traffic control, and overall civil aviation infrastructure and policy are handled by the Ministry of Civil Aviation in the Government of India.
Government ministries are allocated specific portfolios covering various sectors of the economy and administration. Civil aviation, encompassing all air transport activities except military, falls under the purview of the Ministry of Civil Aviation.
The Ministry of Civil Aviation is responsible for the formulation of national policies and programmes for the development and regulation of civil aviation. It oversees regulatory bodies like the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA).

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40. Which one of the following ministries of the Government of India has p

Which one of the following ministries of the Government of India has proposed new rules for radar speed guns used to measure vehicle speeds on roads ?

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Ministry of Consumer Affairs
Ministry of MSME
Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
Ministry of Defence
This question was previously asked in
UPSC Combined Section Officer – 2024
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The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) is responsible for framing policies and regulations related to road transport and safety in India, which includes the specifications and usage rules for instruments like radar speed guns used for traffic law enforcement.
MoRTH oversees standards and procedures for road safety and traffic management technology.
Regulations regarding vehicle speed measurement, enforcement devices, and traffic management technologies fall under the purview of the central ministry responsible for road transport. Police departments utilize these rules for enforcement purposes.

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