The Governance System

11. Which one of the following subjects does not fall under the control of

Which one of the following subjects does not fall under the control of Department of Expenditure ?

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Financial rules and regulations and delegation of financial powers
Indian Audit and Accounts Department
Policy relating to exchange rates of Rupee
Matters relating to the Controller General of Accounts
This question was previously asked in
UPSC SO-Steno – 2018
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Policy relating to exchange rates of Rupee does not fall under the control of the Department of Expenditure. This subject is primarily handled by the Department of Economic Affairs (DEA) within the Ministry of Finance, in consultation with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
The Department of Expenditure focuses on managing public expenditure, financial rules, internal audit, and matters related to the Controller General of Accounts. Exchange rate policy is a macroeconomic policy tool that falls under the purview of the Department of Economic Affairs.
Options A, B (matters relating to CAG other than personnel/admin of IA&AD), and D relate directly to the functions and oversight responsibilities of the Department of Expenditure concerning government finance and accounting. While the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) heading the Indian Audit and Accounts Department (IA&AD) is an independent constitutional authority, the Department of Expenditure does handle certain administrative matters relating to the CAG, as per the Allocation of Business Rules, unlike the policy on exchange rates which is entirely under DEA.

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12. Which one of the following subjects does not fall under the control of

Which one of the following subjects does not fall under the control of Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology ?

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Promotion of Internet, IT and IT enabled services
Electronics and Computer Council of India
Promotion of Information Technology education and Information Technology-based education.
Matters relating to Cyber Laws
This question was previously asked in
UPSC SO-Steno – 2018
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The subject “Electronics and Computer Council of India” does not fall under the control of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). There is no known major government body with this exact name that operates under MeitY.
MeitY is responsible for promoting IT, IT-enabled services, electronics, cyber laws, and IT education. The entity named in option B is not a standard body associated with this ministry.
MeitY oversees various organizations such as the National Informatics Centre (NIC), Software Technology Parks of India (STPI), Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In), and Digital India Corporation, among others, which align with its core functions listed in options A, C, and D.

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13. Which one of the following subjects does not fall under the control of

Which one of the following subjects does not fall under the control of Ministry of Earth Sciences ?

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Atmospheric Technology and Sciences
Earth System Science Organisation
Marine Environment on the high seas
Research related to Earth System Sciences
This question was previously asked in
UPSC SO-Steno – 2018
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Option C, “Marine Environment on the high seas,” is the most likely subject among the choices that may not entirely or exclusively fall under the control of the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), compared to the other options which are clearly listed under its mandate.
The Ministry of Earth Sciences’ subjects include Atmospheric Technology and Sciences (A), research related to Earth System Sciences (D), and implicitly involves the structure of the Earth System Science Organisation (ESSO) which was the umbrella for its activities (B). MoES’s mandate includes Ocean Science and Technology, covering aspects like marine environment, marine living and non-living resources, coastal research, and polar sciences. While MoES conducts research and monitoring of the marine environment, including in international waters (high seas), aspects related to regulation, international conventions (like UNCLOS or environmental treaties on the high seas), or enforcement might involve other ministries such as the Ministry of External Affairs, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, or Ministry of Shipping. Therefore, while MoES *deals with* the marine environment on the high seas through research, the broader “control” or responsibility for all aspects of the marine environment on the high seas may not rest solely with MoES. Options A, B, and D are unequivocally core subjects or organizational structures directly under MoES.
The Allocation of Business Rules lists “Marine Environment” as a subject under MoES. The addition of “on the high seas” in option C might imply a scope that goes beyond the research and monitoring focus of MoES, potentially involving international legal and environmental protection frameworks handled by other ministries.

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14. Which one of the following subjects does not fall under the control of

Which one of the following subjects does not fall under the control of Department of Defence Research and Development ?

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Aeronautical Development Agency
Apprising, assessing and advising Raksha Mantri on the influence on National Security of emerging developments in Science and Technology
Formulation and execution of programmes of scientific research and design, development, test and evaluation, in fields of relevance to national security
To deal with reference made under Section 25 of the Patents Act, 1960
This question was previously asked in
UPSC SO-Steno – 2018
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Option D, “To deal with reference made under Section 25 of the Patents Act, 1960,” does not fall under the control of the Department of Defence Research and Development (DRDO).
The Department of Defence Research and Development is responsible for formulating and executing programmes of scientific research and design, development, test and evaluation in fields of relevance to national security (C), apprising, assessing and advising the Raksha Mantri on the influence on National Security of emerging developments in Science and Technology (B), and administering defence research establishments including bodies like the Aeronautical Development Agency (A). Matters related to the general administration and legal procedures under the Patents Act, 1960, including dealing with references or opposition proceedings under Section 25, fall under the purview of the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) in the Ministry of Commerce & Industry, which oversees the Patent Office. While DRDO deals with patents related to its own inventions, the statutory function of dealing with references/opposition under the Patents Act is not its responsibility.
DRDO’s mandate is focused on defence R&D and technological advice related to national security. The administration of intellectual property laws like the Patents Act is handled by dedicated government bodies under different ministries.

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15. Which one of the following subjects does not fall under the control of

Which one of the following subjects does not fall under the control of Department of Posts ?

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Execution of works, including purchase of land debitable to the Capital Budget pertaining to the Department of Posts
Promotion of feasibility survey, research and development in the field of activities allotted to the Department
Commonwealth Postal Communications Union
Post Office Life Insurance Fund (Administration)
This question was previously asked in
UPSC SO-Steno – 2018
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Option C, “Commonwealth Postal Communications Union,” while related to the Department of Posts’ international liaison function, represents an external international body itself, which is not directly “under the control” of the Department in the same way as internal operations, assets, or specific schemes.
The Department of Posts’ subjects listed in the Allocation of Business Rules include execution of works and land purchase (A), feasibility surveys and research/development (B), and administration of Postal Life Insurance Fund (D), among others like Postal services and liaison with international bodies like the Universal Postal Union and Commonwealth Postal Communications Union. Options A, B, and D represent internal administrative functions, capital works, R&D, and administration of specific schemes/funds directly managed by the Department. Option C refers to an international body. While liaison with this body is a function of the department, the body itself is external and not under the department’s administrative control. This aligns with the pattern seen in other questions where external organizations or subjects primarily under another domain are the incorrect options.
The subject listed for the Department of Posts is “International liaison and matters relating to Universal Postal Union and other international bodies concerned with postal services including Commonwealth Postal Communications Union”. This means the *liaison and matters relating to* the Union are the subject, not the Union itself being under the department’s control. Options A, B, and D describe activities or entities *within* the department’s direct administrative purview.

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16. Which one of the following subjects does not fall under the control of

Which one of the following subjects does not fall under the control of Ministry of Corporate Affairs ?

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Administration of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code
Administration of Competition Act, 1932
Competition Commission of India
Collection of Statistics relating to Companies
This question was previously asked in
UPSC SO-Steno – 2018
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Option B, “Administration of Competition Act, 1932,” does not fall under the control of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs.
The Ministry of Corporate Affairs is responsible for the administration of the Companies Act, 2013 (which replaced the 1956 Act and previous Acts), the Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008, the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (A), and the Competition Act, 2002. The Competition Act currently in force is the Competition Act, 2002, and its administration, including the functioning of the Competition Commission of India (C), is under the Ministry of Corporate Affairs. There is no relevant “Competition Act, 1932” administered by the Ministry. The Companies Act of 1932 existed but was replaced. Therefore, administering a non-existent or irrelevant 1932 Competition Act is not a subject under the Ministry’s control. Collection of Statistics relating to Companies (D) is also a subject under MCA.
This question relies on the specific knowledge of the legislation administered by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs and identifies an incorrect year associated with the Competition Act. The MCA administers the Competition Act, 2002.

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17. Which one of the following subjects does not fall under the control of

Which one of the following subjects does not fall under the control of Ministry of Civil Aviation ?

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Public Air Transport (including Cargo) Industry
Commonwealth Air Transport Council
International Air Transport Association
International Civil Aviation Organisation
This question was previously asked in
UPSC SO-Steno – 2018
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Option C, “International Air Transport Association,” does not fall under the control of the Ministry of Civil Aviation in the same way as the other subjects.
The Ministry of Civil Aviation is responsible for subjects like Public Air Transport (including Cargo) Industry, development and regulation of airports and air traffic services, aircraft rules, and liaison with inter-governmental international bodies concerned with civil aviation, such as the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) and the Commonwealth Air Transport Council. The International Air Transport Association (IATA) is a trade association representing airlines worldwide. While the Ministry interacts extensively with IATA as a representative body of the industry, IATA itself is not an organization or subject under the direct administrative or policy “control” of the Indian government’s Ministry of Civil Aviation.
Government ministries control or administer subjects related to laws, policies, regulations, public services, and governmental or inter-governmental bodies. Trade associations like IATA are private entities formed by industry participants, and while they lobby and coordinate with governments, they are not subjects under government control.

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18. Which one of the following subjects does not fall under the control of

Which one of the following subjects does not fall under the control of Department of Pharmaceuticals ?

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Promotion and coordination of basic, applied and other research in areas related to the Pharmaceutical sector
Development of infrastructure, manpower and skills for the pharmaceutical sector and management of related information
Technical support for dealing with national hazards in pharmaceutical sector
Bhopal Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Limited
This question was previously asked in
UPSC SO-Steno – 2018
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Option C, “Technical support for dealing with national hazards in pharmaceutical sector,” does not typically fall under the core control of the Department of Pharmaceuticals.
The Department of Pharmaceuticals’ mandate includes promotion and coordination of research, development of infrastructure and skills, management of information, pricing policy, interaction with regulatory agencies (like CDSCO, which is under the Ministry of Health), and administrative control of pharmaceutical PSUs (like Bhopal Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Limited). While the department is concerned with quality and safety, specific “technical support for dealing with national hazards” (which implies disaster response or major safety incidents) is usually handled by specialized agencies under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (e.g., drug regulatory bodies, public health agencies) or national disaster management authorities, rather than being a direct, core subject of the Department of Pharmaceuticals.
The Department of Pharmaceuticals focuses on enabling the growth and regulation of the pharmaceutical industry from an industrial policy perspective. While it collaborates with health ministries on quality/safety standards, direct technical support for handling “national hazards” like drug contamination crises or major industrial accidents is usually coordinated by public health or disaster management bodies with input from technical experts, rather than being a specific listed subject of the Department of Pharmaceuticals itself.

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19. Which one of the following subjects does not fall under the control of

Which one of the following subjects does not fall under the control of Department of Fertilizers?

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Administrative responsibility for fertilizer production of Indian Farmers Cooperative Limited
Industries relating to production of non-cellulosic synthetic fibres
Allocation and supply linkages for movement and distribution of urea in terms of assessment made by the Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers Welfare
Planning for fertilizer production including import of fertilizer through a designated canalising agency
This question was previously asked in
UPSC SO-Steno – 2018
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Option B, “Industries relating to production of non-cellulosic synthetic fibres,” does not fall under the control of the Department of Fertilizers.
The Department of Fertilizers deals with the planning, promotion, production, import, and distribution of fertilizers, as well as the administrative responsibility for public sector undertakings and cooperative societies engaged in fertilizer production and marketing (like IFFCO). Industries relating to the production of non-cellulosic synthetic fibres are subjects allocated to the Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals.
Similar to the previous question, the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers is divided into specific departments. Fertilizers are distinct from chemicals and petrochemicals like synthetic fibres, which fall under the purview of the Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals.

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20. Which one of the following subjects does not fall under the control of

Which one of the following subjects does not fall under the control of Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals?

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Synthetic rubber
Plastics including fabrications of plastic and moulded goods
Administrative responsibility for the Indian Potash Limited
Dye-stuffs and dye-intermediates
This question was previously asked in
UPSC SO-Steno – 2018
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Option C, “Administrative responsibility for the Indian Potash Limited,” does not fall under the control of the Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals.
The Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals handles subjects such as synthetic rubber, plastics (including fabrications and moulded goods), dye-stuffs and dye-intermediates, and other specific chemicals and petrochemical products and industries. Administrative responsibility for companies involved in the production and distribution of fertilizers, such as Indian Potash Limited (IPL), falls under the Department of Fertilizers.
The Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers has two separate departments: the Department of Chemicals and Petrochemicals and the Department of Fertilizers, each with distinct subjects and Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) or cooperative societies under their administrative control. IPL is specifically listed under the Department of Fertilizers.

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