The Fuel

11. Which one of the following is water gas ?

Which one of the following is water gas ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen” option2=”Mixture of carbon monoxide and nitrogen” option3=”Mixture of carbon dioxide and water vapour” option4=”Mixture of carbon monoxide and water vapour” correct=”option1″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2016
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The correct option is A.
Water gas is a synthesis gas mixture primarily consisting of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H₂). It is produced by passing steam over hot carbon (like coke or coal) at high temperatures (typically 700-1000 °C). The reaction is C + H₂O → CO + H₂.
Producer gas is another type of synthesis gas, produced by passing air over hot carbon, and primarily consists of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen (N₂), along with some hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Water gas is a more energy-rich fuel than producer gas because it contains hydrogen and lacks the large proportion of inert nitrogen.

12. What are the main constituents of biogas?

What are the main constituents of biogas?

[amp_mcq option1=”Methane and sulphur dioxide” option2=”Methane and carbon dioxide” option3=”Methane, hydrogen and nitric oxide” option4=”Methane and nitric oxide” correct=”option2″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2017
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The correct option is B) Methane and carbon dioxide.
Biogas is produced through the anaerobic digestion of organic matter by microorganisms. Its primary constituents are methane (CH₄), typically making up 50-75% of the volume, and carbon dioxide (CO₂), making up 25-50%. Methane is the main combustible component that gives biogas its value as a fuel.
Other gases present in biogas in smaller quantities may include hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), nitrogen (N₂), and hydrogen (H₂). Sulphur dioxide and nitric oxide are not typical main constituents of biogas; they are more associated with combustion processes or air pollution.
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