Tertiary Sector

21. Bharatmala Project is related to

Bharatmala Project is related to

Improving road connectivity
Interlinking ports and railways
Interlinking of rivers
Interlinking major cities with gas pipelines
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2018
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The correct answer is A.
The Bharatmala Pariyojana is a centrally-sponsored and funded road and highways project initiated by the Government of India. Its main objective is to improve road connectivity across the country, focusing on economic corridors, inter-corridor and feeder routes, national corridors efficiency improvement, border roads, coastal roads and port connectivity roads, and greenfield expressways. Options B, C, and D relate to other infrastructure sectors (ports/railways conjunction, rivers, gas pipelines) and are not the primary focus of the Bharatmala Project.
The project aims to connect 550 districts in the country through National Highways. It is a significant step towards enhancing logistics efficiency and reducing freight costs across India. The project is being implemented by agencies like NHAI, NHIDCL, and state PWDs.

22. Surge pricing takes place when a service provider

Surge pricing takes place when a service provider

raises the price of its product or service as demand outstrips supply
follows preset prices immune to demand and supply dynamics
fixes a minimum price for its services
fixes an average price on the basis of transactions carried over a day
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2017
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Surge pricing is a pricing strategy where the price of a product or service is dynamically increased, often significantly, when the demand for it temporarily outstrips the available supply. This aims to balance the market by either reducing demand or incentivizing more supply.
The core concept of surge pricing is adjusting prices based on real-time fluctuations in demand and supply, with prices rising sharply during periods of high demand.
This pricing model is commonly used in service industries, such as ride-sharing (e.g., Uber), hospitality, and event ticketing, especially during peak hours, holidays, or special events.

23. The Research Design and Standards Organization is the R&D wing of whic

The Research Design and Standards Organization is the R&D wing of which one of the following organizations ?

Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
Indian Space Research Organization
Indian Railways
Defence Research and Development Organization
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2024
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The Research Designs and Standards Organization (RDSO) is the sole Research and Development (R&D) wing of the Indian Railways. It serves as the technical advisor and consultant to the Railway Board, Zonal Railways, Production Units, and other railway organizations.
RDSO is responsible for standardizing designs, developing technologies, and ensuring the safety and efficiency of the Indian railway system.
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) is India’s premier nuclear research facility. Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is responsible for India’s space program. Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) is responsible for military research and development.

24. India is a destination for global outsourcing. Which of the following

India is a destination for global outsourcing. Which of the following is/are the more appropriate reason(s) for making the multinational corporations choose India for outsourcing their services?
1. Lower wage rate
2. Higher rate of unemployment
3. Availability of skilled human power
4. Cordial relationship with government
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1 only
1 and 3
2 and 4
3 and 4
This question was previously asked in
UPSC Geoscientist – 2021
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Multinational corporations choose India for outsourcing services primarily due to the combination of lower wage rates compared to developed countries and the availability of a large pool of skilled human power, especially in sectors like IT and BPO.
Cost advantage through lower labour costs and the presence of a large, educated workforce with necessary technical and language skills are the most significant factors attracting outsourcing to India.
While factors like favourable government policies and a potentially large labour pool (partially related to unemployment) can play a role, the core business reasons are the economic benefits derived from reduced operational costs and access to talent. “Cordial relationship with government” is too general and not a primary decision driver compared to concrete economic advantages and available skills.

25. Which one among the following statements about National Highways Autho

Which one among the following statements about National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) is not correct ?

NHAI collects fees on the National Highway.
NHAI conducts training of Highway Engineers at entry level and in-service.
NHAI provides consultancy and construction services in India and abroad.
NHAI regulates and controls the plying of vehicles for its proper management.
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2023
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The correct option is D because the statement “NHAI regulates and controls the plying of vehicles for its proper management” is not correct regarding the primary functions of the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI).
– NHAI’s primary mandate is the development, maintenance, and management of National Highways.
– A) NHAI is authorized to collect fees (tolls) on National Highways. This is correct.
– B) NHAI is involved in research and development, including training of personnel related to highway engineering. This is correct.
– C) NHAI provides technical and consultancy support, including potential services outside India, although its main focus is domestic. This function is within its broader scope or potential activities.
– D) The regulation and control of the plying of vehicles, including traffic rules, speed limits, and enforcement, falls primarily under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, state transport departments, and police authorities, not NHAI. NHAI focuses on the infrastructure itself.
NHAI was established by the National Highways Authority of India Act, 1988. It is a statutory body under the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. Its core function revolves around the infrastructure of National Highways.

26. The Setu Bharatam Programme of the Government of India is a programme

The Setu Bharatam Programme of the Government of India is a programme for

building bridges across major rivers for transport of goods
building bridges for safe and seamless travel on national highways
building roads to connect coastal areas
training of highway engineers at the entry level and service level
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2017
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The Setu Bharatam Programme is a flagship program of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways launched in 2016. Its primary objective is to make all National Highways free of railway level crossings by either building railway over bridges (ROB) or railway under bridges (RUB). The program aims to ensure safe and seamless travel on National Highways.
Setu Bharatam is a program focused on eliminating railway level crossings on National Highways through the construction of bridges.
The program also involves the construction of new bridges and widening/strengthening of existing bridges on National Highways to improve infrastructure quality and safety.
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