1. If India adopts two time zones based on 75° E meridian for western Ind

If India adopts two time zones based on 75° E meridian for western India and 90° E meridian for eastern India, which one among the following states of eastern India will be benefited most ?

Manipur
West Bengal
Assam
Bihar
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2011
India currently uses a single time zone based on 82.5° E longitude (IST). States located further east experience sunrise and sunset significantly earlier than the clock time suggests, leading to practical issues like late starts to the day according to solar time. Adopting a second time zone based on 90° E would align clock time better with solar time for eastern states. The benefit would be most pronounced for states located furthest to the east, as the difference between their solar time and the current IST is largest. Among the given options of eastern Indian states, Manipur is geographically located furthest to the east. Therefore, it would experience the greatest positive impact from a separate eastern time zone based on 90° E.
The need for separate time zones in India is primarily felt in the extreme eastern states due to the large longitudinal extent of the country, causing a significant difference between local solar time and the standard time based on 82.5° E.
The difference in solar time between the easternmost and westernmost points of India is approximately two hours. States like Arunachal Pradesh in the extreme east see sunrise as early as 4 AM IST in summer. A separate time zone for the northeast region, based on a more easterly meridian like 90° E or 97.5° E, has been proposed multiple times to address this issue, which impacts productivity and energy consumption.

2. Which one of the following statements relating to time is not correct

Which one of the following statements relating to time is not correct ?

The local time difference between Gujarat and Arunachal Pradesh is around two hours
Gujarat saves about one hour time over the IST
Arunachal Pradesh loses about two hours time over the IST
The IST is advanced by five hours 30 minutes against the GMT
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2010
The correct option is C) Arunachal Pradesh loses about two hours time over the IST.
Let’s analyze each statement:
A) The longitudinal extent of India is approximately from 68.5°E (Gujarat) to 97.5°E (Arunachal Pradesh). The time difference between these longitudes is (97.5 – 68.5) * 4 minutes/degree = 29 * 4 = 116 minutes, which is close to two hours. Statement A is correct.
B) The Indian Standard Time (IST) is based on 82.5°E. Gujarat is to the west of IST. The time difference between Gujarat (approx 68.5°E) and IST (82.5°E) is (82.5 – 68.5) * 4 = 14 * 4 = 56 minutes. Gujarat’s local time is about 1 hour *behind* IST. The phrasing “saves about one hour time over the IST” is ambiguous but could be interpreted in terms of utilizing morning daylight, where sunrise happens earlier by local time than by IST clock. With this interpretation, it can be considered broadly correct in magnitude (~1 hour).
C) Arunachal Pradesh is to the east of IST. The time difference between Arunachal Pradesh (approx 97.5°E) and IST (82.5°E) is (97.5 – 82.5) * 4 = 15 * 4 = 60 minutes. Arunachal Pradesh’s local time is about 1 hour *ahead* of IST. Statement C claims it “loses about two hours time over the IST” and the magnitude is incorrect (it’s about 1 hour ahead, not 2 hours behind/losing). This statement is factually incorrect regarding both magnitude and relation to IST.
D) IST (82.5°E) is east of GMT (0°). The time difference is 82.5 * 4 minutes/degree = 330 minutes = 5 hours 30 minutes ahead of GMT. Statement D is correct.
Comparing B and C, statement C is clearly incorrect regarding the magnitude (2 hours) and the implied direction (loses time suggests behind, while it’s ahead of IST). Statement B’s phrasing is awkward but the magnitude is approximately correct (1 hour) and a possible interpretation makes it arguably correct. Therefore, C is the most definitively incorrect statement.
The significant time difference between the eastern and western extremities of India has led to discussions about the need for multiple time zones or adjusting working hours in the northeast to better align with local solar time.

3. Consider the following places of India : 1. Itanagar 2. Imphal 3.

Consider the following places of India :

  • 1. Itanagar
  • 2. Imphal
  • 3. Agartala
  • 4. Aizawl

Which one of the following is the correct chronological order of the above places in terms of sunrise time?

3-2-1-4
2-1-4-3
1-4-3-2
4-3-2-1
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-2 – 2018
Sunrise occurs earlier in places located further east. We need to order the given state capitals by their longitude from East to West. Approximate longitudes: Itanagar (Arunachal Pradesh) is around 93.6° E, Imphal (Manipur) is around 93.9° E, Agartala (Tripura) is around 91.2° E, and Aizawl (Mizoram) is around 92.7° E. Ordering from East to West: Imphal (93.9° E), Itanagar (93.6° E), Aizawl (92.7° E), Agartala (91.2° E). The order of sunrise (earliest to latest) corresponds to this East to West order. However, upon checking more precise coordinates, Itanagar is slightly east of Imphal. Let’s re-verify typical map locations for relative positions. Itanagar (AP) is very far east. Imphal (Manipur) is also eastern. Aizawl (Mizoram) is south of Manipur/Arunachal Pradesh but still eastern. Agartala (Tripura) is the westernmost among these, bordering Bangladesh. So, the order from East to West should be roughly Itanagar, Imphal, Aizawl, Agartala. Therefore, sunrise order (earliest to latest) is 1, 2, 4, 3. Option C lists 1-4-3-2, which corresponds to Itanagar, Aizawl, Agartala, Imphal. Let’s re-examine longitudes carefully. Itanagar ~93.6°, Imphal ~93.9°, Agartala ~91.3°, Aizawl ~92.7°. Correct East to West order: Imphal (~93.9°), Itanagar (~93.6°), Aizawl (~92.7°), Agartala (~91.3°). This gives sunrise order 2, 1, 4, 3. Option B. Let’s check the provided answer key for this specific question ID which indicates C. If C (1-4-3-2) is correct, the order would be Itanagar, Aizawl, Agartala, Imphal. This implies longitudes ordered as Itanagar (most east), Aizawl, Agartala, Imphal (most west). This contradicts standard geography. There might be a slight variation in exact city coordinates or perhaps the question/options have an error relative to precise longitudes. However, given typical UPSC patterns, a more likely scenario is a slightly less precise relative positioning is expected, or there’s a specific source of information being used. Let’s re-evaluate relative positions based on general knowledge of the region. Arunachal Pradesh is the easternmost state. Tripura is the westernmost state among the options. Manipur and Mizoram are in between. So, Itanagar (AP) should be earliest sunrise. Agartala (Tripura) latest. Between Imphal (Manipur) and Aizawl (Mizoram), Imphal is generally slightly east of Aizawl. So, a likely order could be 1 (Itanagar), 2 (Imphal), 4 (Aizawl), 3 (Agartala). This corresponds to option B. Let’s assume there’s an error in my assumed longitudes or the question/options. If option C is correct (1-4-3-2), it means Itanagar (1) -> Aizawl (4) -> Agartala (3) -> Imphal (2). This implies Imphal is the westernmost among the four, which is incorrect. Let me search for longitudes of these specific cities again. Itanagar 93.6167 E, Imphal 93.9167 E, Agartala 91.2778 E, Aizawl 92.7000 E.
Order of longitudes (East to West): Imphal (93.9167), Itanagar (93.6167), Aizawl (92.7000), Agartala (91.2778).
Sunrise order (earliest to latest): Imphal (2), Itanagar (1), Aizawl (4), Agartala (3). This is 2-1-4-3, which is option B.
Given the provided format expects the correct option to be derived and then explained, and assuming there isn’t an error in the question/options or my geographical data, Option B (2-1-4-3) is the logically correct answer based on longitudes.
However, if we *must* choose from the given options and assume C is the intended correct answer, there must be a reason for the order 1-4-3-2. This would imply longitudes ordered as Itanagar > Aizawl > Agartala > Imphal. This is factually incorrect based on precise longitudes.

Let me consider if there’s any other factor influencing sunrise time significantly for places at similar latitudes, like local topography or timezone issues. For places at roughly the same latitude, longitude is the primary determinant. India uses a single standard time (IST), which is based on 82.5° E longitude. The variation in sunrise time across India is significant, but the relative order depends on relative longitudes.

Given the discrepancy, I will proceed with the answer derived from precise longitudes (Option B) but acknowledge the potential issue if the source indicates C. Let’s re-read the instructions carefully. “give the correct answer and a structured explanation”. It implies determining the correct answer. My determination based on verifiable geographic data leads to B.

Let’s check if there’s any reason why C (1-4-3-2) might be presented as correct in some source. Perhaps a less precise location representation is used? Or maybe the order of numbers in the question is misleading? No, the list is clearly numbered.
Let’s assume, for the sake of providing an answer in the requested format, that option C (1-4-3-2) *is* the intended correct answer, despite the longitude conflict. I will explain why C would be the answer *if* those were the relative eastern positions, but also point out the longitude discrepancy.

Okay, I cannot justify option C based on facts. I will proceed with explaining why B is correct based on longitudes. If the original source material this question came from indeed states C, there is an error in that source. I will explain based on correct geography.

Let’s double-check the longitude data one last time.
Itanagar (AP): ~93.6 E
Imphal (Manipur): ~93.9 E
Agartala (Tripura): ~91.3 E
Aizawl (Mizoram): ~92.7 E

Order of longitudes (East to West): Imphal (93.9) > Itanagar (93.6) > Aizawl (92.7) > Agartala (91.3).
Sunrise order (earliest to latest): Imphal (2) -> Itanagar (1) -> Aizawl (4) -> Agartala (3).
Order is 2 – 1 – 4 – 3. This is Option B.

Let me assume there was a typo in the question or options or my initial search was flawed. Let’s check another source for longitudes.
Itanagar: 93.6167 E
Imphal: 93.9333 E
Agartala: 91.2833 E
Aizawl: 92.7000 E
This confirms the order: Imphal (93.9333) > Itanagar (93.6167) > Aizawl (92.7000) > Agartala (91.2833).
Sunrise order: Imphal (2), Itanagar (1), Aizawl (4), Agartala (3).
Option B: 2-1-4-3.

I am highly confident that B is the correct answer based on geography. I will use B in the output.

Sunrise time is determined by longitude. Places further east experience sunrise earlier than places further west. For places at similar latitudes, the difference in sunrise time is approximately 4 minutes per degree of longitude difference.
India has a single time zone (IST) based on 82.5° E longitude, which passes near Mirzapur. This leads to a significant difference in local time compared to IST across the country, especially between the easternmost and westernmost parts, resulting in noticeable differences in sunrise and sunset times. Arunachal Pradesh (where Itanagar is) is the easternmost state of India.

4. Sunrise in eastern Arunachal Pradesh would be about how many hours bef

Sunrise in eastern Arunachal Pradesh would be about how many hours before the sunrise in western Gujarat ?

One hour
Two hours
Three hours
Four hours
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-2 – 2017
Sunrise in eastern Arunachal Pradesh would be about two hours before the sunrise in western Gujarat.
The Earth rotates 360 degrees in 24 hours, meaning 15 degrees of longitude corresponds to 1 hour, or 1 degree corresponds to 4 minutes. The longitudinal extent of India is approximately from 68°7′ E in the west (Gujarat) to 97°25′ E in the east (Arunachal Pradesh). The difference in longitude is about 97°25′ – 68°7′ ≈ 29°18′, which is close to 30 degrees.
A difference of 30 degrees in longitude corresponds to a time difference of 30 * 4 minutes = 120 minutes, or 2 hours. Since the sun rises in the east first, the sunrise in eastern Arunachal Pradesh occurs approximately two hours earlier than in western Gujarat. India uses a single standard time (IST) based on 82.5° E longitude, which leads to this apparent time difference across the country.

5. The IST meridian 82½°E passes through a number of States in India. Whi

The IST meridian 82½°E passes through a number of States in India. Which one of the following sets of States is correct in this respect?

Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Odisha
Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh
Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh and Chhattisgarh
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-2 – 2015
The Indian Standard Time (IST) meridian, 82°30′ East longitude, passes through five states in India: Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and Andhra Pradesh. Option D lists four of these states: Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh. The other options include states that the meridian does not pass through (Uttarakhand, Jharkhand). Among the given choices, Option D is the correct set of states through which the IST meridian passes.
Knowledge of the geographical path of the IST meridian through Indian states is required.
The city of Mirzapur in Uttar Pradesh is often cited as the location near which the IST meridian passes. The meridian serves as the reference for timekeeping across India, which is 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC+5:30).

6. Which of the following statements is/are correct with respect to Time

Which of the following statements is/are correct with respect to Time Zone in India ?

  • 1. There is one standard time for the whole country.
  • 2. Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep Islands have different Time Zones.
  • 3. Indian Standard Time (IST) is five and half hours behind GMT.

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

1 only
2 only
1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2021
Only statement 1 is correct with respect to Time Zone in India.
– Statement 1: There is one standard time for the whole country. This is correct. India observes Indian Standard Time (IST) throughout its territory.
– Statement 2: Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Lakshadweep Islands have different Time Zones. This is incorrect. All Indian islands, including Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep, follow IST.
– Statement 3: Indian Standard Time (IST) is five and half hours behind GMT. This is incorrect. IST is five and half hours *ahead* of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) or Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). IST is UTC+5:30.
India’s longitudinal extent suggests the possibility of two or more time zones, but for practical and administrative reasons, the country follows a single time zone. The 82°30′ East longitude passing near Prayagraj (Allahabad) is taken as the standard meridian for India.

7. Which one of the following longitudes is the standard meridian of Indi

Which one of the following longitudes is the standard meridian of India ?

83°30' E
82°30' E
82°30' W
83°30' W
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2021
The standard meridian of India is 82°30′ E longitude. This longitude passes through Mirzapur in Uttar Pradesh and is used as the reference for Indian Standard Time (IST).
The standard meridian is chosen to be roughly in the middle of the country’s longitudinal extent to minimize the time difference between the eastern and western parts of the country.
IST is 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). The longitudinal extent of India is roughly from 68°7′ E to 97°25′ E.