Social Religious Movement

51. Who founded the ‘Seva Samiti’ at Allahabad in 1914?

Who founded the ‘Seva Samiti’ at Allahabad in 1914?

[amp_mcq option1=”Hridayanath Kunzru” option2=”G. K. Gokhale” option3=”Shri Ram Bajpai” option4=”T. B. Sapru” correct=”option1″]

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A
The ‘Seva Samiti’ at Allahabad was founded by Pandit Hridayanath Kunzru along with others in 1914.
The Seva Samiti was a social service organization that aimed to organize social service during fairs and festivals (like Kumbh Mela), promote education, improve sanitation, and help during natural calamities. It was associated with the Servants of India Society, founded by G. K. Gokhale.

52. The ‘Tattvabodhini Sabha’ was established by

The ‘Tattvabodhini Sabha’ was established by

[amp_mcq option1=”Devendranath Tagore in 1839″ option2=”Keshab Chandra Sen in 1857″ option3=”Akshay Kumar Datta in 1850″ option4=”Dwarakanath Tagore in 1840″ correct=”option1″]

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The Tattvabodhini Sabha was established by Debendranath Tagore in 1839.
Its objective was to promote a rational and theistic basis for Hinduism, derived from the Upanishads, and to propagate the ideas of the Brahmo Samaj.
The Sabha published the Tattvabodhini Patrika, a journal that played a significant role in disseminating reformist ideas. It was a key institution in the socio-religious reform movement in Bengal and later merged with the Brahmo Samaj. Keshab Chandra Sen joined the Brahmo Samaj much later. Dwarakanath Tagore was Debendranath’s father and a founder of the original Brahmo Sabha. Akshay Kumar Datta was a prominent member and editor of the Patrika.

53. Who was the founder of Mahakali Pathshala in Calcutta?

Who was the founder of Mahakali Pathshala in Calcutta?

[amp_mcq option1=”Her Holiness Mataji Maharani Tapaswini” option2=”Sister Nivedita” option3=”Madame Blavatsky” option4=”Sarojini Naidu” correct=”option1″]

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Mahakali Pathshala in Calcutta (now Kolkata) was founded by Her Holiness Mataji Maharani Tapaswini.
Mataji Maharani Tapaswini was a nationalist figure and disciple of Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi. After the 1857 revolt, she became a sanyasini and dedicated herself to religious and social work, particularly the education of girls.
She established the Mahakali Pathshala in 1893 with the objective of imparting traditional Hindu education to girls, emphasizing religious texts, language, and domestic skills. Sister Nivedita (Margaret Noble) was a disciple of Swami Vivekananda and also worked extensively for female education but was not the founder of this particular institution. Madame Blavatsky co-founded the Theosophical Society. Sarojini Naidu was a prominent figure in the Indian independence movement and a poet.

54. Which of the following statements about Sir Syed Ahmad Khan is/are cor

Which of the following statements about Sir Syed Ahmad Khan is/are correct?

  • He argued that India was a federation of ethnic communities based on common descent.
  • His philosophy was very similar to that of the Indian National Congress.
  • He imagined India as a Nation State based on individual citizen’s rights.
  • The curriculum at the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College blended Muslim theology and European empiricism.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”2 and 3″ option3=”3 only” option4=”1 and 4″ correct=”option4″]

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Statement 1: Sir Syed Ahmad Khan increasingly viewed India as consisting of two distinct communities, Hindus and Muslims, whose interests might diverge. While “federation of ethnic communities based on common descent” is an unusual phrasing, it reflects his idea of India as a collection of distinct communities rather than a unified nation-state based on individual rights, especially as he moved towards the “Two-Nation Theory” concept.
Statement 2: Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was critical of the Indian National Congress, particularly its call for representative government based on election, which he feared would lead to Hindu majority rule. His philosophy was distinctly different and often opposed to that of Congress.
Statement 3: This statement contradicts his view of distinct communities. He emphasized the separate political identity and rights for Muslims based on their communal identity, not primarily individual rights within a secular nation-state framework.
Statement 4: The Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College (MAO College), founded by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, aimed to provide modern Western education (European empiricism) alongside traditional Islamic religious instruction (Muslim theology). This statement is correct.
Given the options, statements 1 and 4 are considered correct in this context.
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan held views on India as a composite of distinct communities and promoted a blend of modern and religious education at MAO College.
Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was a key figure in 19th-century Indian Muslim society. He advocated for modern education among Muslims and played a significant role in the Aligarh Movement. His political views evolved, becoming more separatist, particularly after the formation of the Indian National Congress.

55. Which of the following statements about the social base of the Arya Sa

Which of the following statements about the social base of the Arya Samaj in British India is/are correct?

  • 1. It was located mainly in Punjab and western Uttar Pradesh.
  • 2. It mainly comprised the trading castes.
  • 3. It was much more limited than that of the Brahmo Samaj.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

[amp_mcq option1=”1 and 2 only” option2=”2 and 3 only” option3=”1 only” option4=”1, 2 and 3″ correct=”option1″]

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The correct answer is A) 1 and 2 only. Statements 1 and 2 correctly describe the social base of the Arya Samaj in British India, while statement 3 is incorrect.
– Statement 1 is correct. The Arya Samaj, founded by Dayanand Saraswati, had its strongest influence and following primarily in Punjab and western Uttar Pradesh (areas like Agra, Meerut).
– Statement 2 is correct. The support base of the Arya Samaj largely came from the educated urban middle classes, including prominent representation from trading castes like Khatris, Aroras, and Baniyas, as well as professional groups.
– Statement 3 is incorrect. By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Arya Samaj had grown significantly, especially in North India, and arguably had a broader and more active social base compared to the Brahmo Samaj, which remained more concentrated in Bengal and intellectual circles.
The Arya Samaj was a reform movement within Hinduism that advocated for a return to the Vedas, monotheism, and social reforms like opposing idol worship, caste system, and child marriage, while promoting education and women’s rights. Its focus on social reform and education resonated with certain sections of the North Indian urban population.

56. Which of the following statements about the Shiromani Gurudwara Praban

Which of the following statements about the Shiromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee (SGPC) are correct?

  • 1. It began as the political wing of the Singh Sabhas in the late 19th century.
  • 2. It was formed in 1920 as part of the upcoming Akali movement.
  • 3. It was founded to reclaim control of the Sikh shrines from the government manipulated loyalist committees.
  • 4. It formed the Akali Dal to coordinate groups (Jathas) to reclaim control of the shrines.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

[amp_mcq option1=”1, 3 and 4″ option2=”2, 3 and 4″ option3=”2 and 4 only” option4=”2 and 3 only” correct=”option2″]

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Statements 2 and 3 are correct regarding the Shiromani Gurudwara Prabandhak Committee (SGPC). Statement 2 is correct; the SGPC was formed in November 1920 as a key part of the Gurdwara Reform Movement, which evolved into the Akali movement. Statement 3 is correct; its primary purpose was to take control of the historical Sikh shrines (Gurdwaras) from the hands of corrupt hereditary caretakers (Mahants) who were often seen as loyalist and manipulated by the British government. Statement 1 is incorrect; the SGPC emerged much later than the Singh Sabhas and was a religious management body, not a political wing of the Singh Sabhas. Statement 4 is incorrect; the Akali Dal was formed by the Akalis shortly after the SGPC (in December 1920) specifically to organize and lead the agitations (Jathas) for Gurdwara reform, not the other way around. The SGPC was the body established to manage the Gurdwaras once control was secured.
– SGPC was formed in 1920 as part of the Gurdwara Reform/Akali movement.
– Its main objective was to gain control of Sikh Gurdwaras from Mahants.
– The Akali Dal was formed to lead the agitations for this cause.
The Gurdwara Reform Movement aimed at purifying Sikh religious institutions and asserting Sikh identity and self-governance. The SGPC is the elected body that manages Gurdwaras in Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, and Chandigarh under the Sikh Gurdwaras Act, 1925.
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