1. At the Second Round Table Conference, who among the following led the

At the Second Round Table Conference, who among the following led the FICCI delegation ?

J.R.D. Tata
Homi Mody
J.L. Bajaj
G.D. Birla and Thakurdas
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2022
The Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI) was represented at the Second Round Table Conference held in London in 1931. Prominent Indian industrialists G.D. Birla and Sir Purshottamdas Thakurdas were the main delegates representing FICCI at this conference, advocating for Indian commercial interests.
– The Round Table Conferences were a series of conferences held by the British government and Indian political figures to discuss constitutional reforms in India.
– The Second Round Table Conference was attended by Mahatma Gandhi as the sole representative of the Indian National Congress, alongside delegates from various other Indian communities, princely states, and interests, including business.
– FICCI played a significant role in representing the views of Indian capitalists during the freedom struggle.
Ghanshyam Das Birla was a leading businessman and a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi. Sir Purshottamdas Thakurdas was also a prominent figure in the Indian business community and played a key role in FICCI.

2. Which of the following statements are correct? 1. The Third Round Tabl

Which of the following statements are correct?
1. The Third Round Table Conference met in London in November 1932 without the participation of Congress.
2. The discussions in the Third Round Table Conference led to the passing of the Government of India Act, 1935.
3. The Government of India Act, 1935 did not favor the idea of provincial autonomy.
4. The Governor was not given any power in the Act of 1935 to take over and run the administration of a province.
Select the answer using the code given below:

3 and 4
1 and 2
2 and 3
1 and 3
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2024
The correct option is B.
Statement 1: The Third Round Table Conference met in London in November 1932 without the participation of Congress. This is correct. The First Round Table Conference was held from November 1930 to January 1931, without Congress participation. The Second Round Table Conference was held from September to December 1931, attended by Mahatma Gandhi as the sole representative of the Indian National Congress. The Third Round Table Conference was held from November 17 to December 24, 1932, and was poorly attended; the Congress again boycotted it.

Statement 2: The discussions in the Third Round Table Conference led to the passing of the Government of India Act, 1935. This is correct. The three Round Table Conferences, along with the recommendations of the Simon Commission (1930) and subsequent discussions including the White Paper of 1933, formed the basis for the drafting of the Government of India Bill, which was eventually passed as the Government of India Act, 1935.

Statement 3: The Government of India Act, 1935 did not favor the idea of provincial autonomy. This is incorrect. The Government of India Act, 1935 is a landmark act precisely because it introduced provincial autonomy, replacing the system of dyarchy in the provinces introduced by the 1919 Act. Provinces were granted considerable autonomy in their own sphere.

Statement 4: The Governor was not given any power in the Act of 1935 to take over and run the administration of a province. This is incorrect. Although provincial autonomy was granted, the Act of 1935 provided the provincial Governors with significant discretionary powers and ‘special responsibilities’. These powers allowed the Governor, under certain circumstances (e.g., failure of constitutional machinery), to act on their own judgment, even overriding the elected provincial government, and potentially take over the administration.

Therefore, only statements 1 and 2 are correct.

The Government of India Act, 1935 was a lengthy and complex piece of legislation. Key features included: introduction of provincial autonomy, abolition of dyarchy in provinces but introduction at the centre (never fully implemented), proposal for an All-India Federation (which did not materialize as princely states did not join), separation of Burma from India, and establishment of the Federal Court. The Act gave significant powers to the Governors and Governor-General, which were criticized by Indian nationalists.

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