Revolutionary Movement in India Archives

1. Who issued an Independence Proclamation in 1930 in the name of the ‘In

Who issued an Independence Proclamation in 1930 in the name of the ‘Indian Republican Army’?

Sachindra Nath Sanyal

Chandra Shekhar Azad

Surya Sen

Bhagat Singh

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2019

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Surya Sen issued a proclamation in the name of the ‘Indian Republican Army’ in 1930.

– Surya Sen, also known as Masterda, was a revolutionary from Bengal who is best known for leading the Chittagong Armoury Raid on April 18, 1930.
– His revolutionary group was named the ‘Indian Republican Army, Chittagong Branch’.
– After successfully raiding the armouries and seizing weapons (though not ammunition), the revolutionaries gathered, hoisted the national flag, and Surya Sen issued a proclamation declaring the establishment of a provisional revolutionary government in Chittagong, effectively using the name of the ‘Indian Republican Army’.

While Sachindra Nath Sanyal founded the Hindustan Republican Association (later Hindustan Socialist Republican Association) and Bhagat Singh and Chandra Shekhar Azad were key figures in its later form and activities (like the Lahore Conspiracy Case and Assembly bomb throwing), the specific association with the ‘Indian Republican Army’ and the 1930 proclamation related to an armed uprising against the British in Chittagong points directly to Surya Sen.

2. Why was Vasudeo Balwant Phadke known in history ?

Why was Vasudeo Balwant Phadke known in history ?

He led a violent struggle against the British during the revolt of 1857

He was a critic of Gandhian struggle

He led an armed uprising against the British in the 1870s

He was a radical leader of the Indian National Congress

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CAPF – 2019

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The correct answer is C) He led an armed uprising against the British in the 1870s. Vasudeo Balwant Phadke was an Indian revolutionary who organized an armed rebellion against the British in the Bombay Presidency during the famine of 1876-77.

– Vasudeo Balwant Phadke (1845-1883) was a revolutionary from Maharashtra.
– He organized the Ramoshi peasant community into a rebel group due to the severe distress caused by famines and the indifference of the British government.
– He aimed to overthrow British rule through armed struggle. His rebellion in the 1870s was an early instance of organized armed resistance after the 1857 revolt.

Phadke’s efforts are considered a precursor to later revolutionary activities in India. He is often referred to as the ‘Father of the Indian Armed Rebellion’. He was eventually captured, tried, and sentenced to life imprisonment in Aden, where he died.

3. Which of the following statements about Bhagat Singh is/are NOT true ?

Which of the following statements about Bhagat Singh is/are NOT true ?

1. Bhagat Singh was influenced by socialist ideas
2. He was a member of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
3. Bhagat Singh threw a bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly in 1929 with the objective to kill as many people as possible

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

1 and 3

2 and 3

2 only

3 only

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CAPF – 2019

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The correct option is D.

Let’s evaluate each statement:
1. Bhagat Singh was influenced by socialist ideas: This is TRUE. Bhagat Singh was deeply influenced by socialist and communist ideologies and advocated for a socialist revolution. He was instrumental in renaming the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) to the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA).
2. He was a member of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association: This is TRUE. Bhagat Singh was a prominent leader and member of the HSRA, playing a key role in reorganizing the revolutionary movement.
3. Bhagat Singh threw a bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly in 1929 with the objective to kill as many people as possible: This is FALSE. On April 8, 1929, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw two bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly (now Parliament) in Delhi. However, their stated objective was not to kill but “to make the deaf hear” the demands of the revolutionaries against oppressive laws like the Public Safety Bill and the Trade Disputes Bill. The bombs were deliberately thrown in a place where they would cause minimum injury, and they also threw leaflets explaining their motivations before surrendering.
The question asks for statements that are NOT true. Only statement 3 is not true.

Bhagat Singh’s act in the Assembly was intended as a symbolic protest and propaganda tool to raise public awareness about the revolutionary cause and government repression. Along with Batukeshwar Dutt, he surrendered peacefully after throwing the bombs. He was later tried and hanged along with Shivaram Rajguru and Sukhdev Thapar in the Lahore Conspiracy Case (related to the murder of police officer Saunders, who was responsible for the lathi charge that led to the death of Lala Lajpat Rai).

4. Who among the following was NOT associated with the Kakori Conspiracy

Who among the following was NOT associated with the Kakori Conspiracy Case ?

Ramprasad Bismil

Rajendra Lahiri

Ashfaqulla Khan

Surya Sen

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CAPF – 2019

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The correct option is D.

The Kakori Conspiracy Case (also known as Kakori Train Robbery) took place on August 9, 1925, when members of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) looted a train carrying government funds. Prominent revolutionaries involved in this incident included Ramprasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Rajendra Lahiri, Roshan Singh, Chandrasekhar Azad, Sachindra Nath Bakshi, and others. Ramprasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Rajendra Lahiri, and Roshan Singh were arrested, tried, and subsequently hanged. Surya Sen (Masterda) was a prominent revolutionary leader known for the Chittagong Armoury Raid in 1930 and was active in Bengal, distinct from the UP-based HRA operations like the Kakori case.

The Kakori Conspiracy was a significant event in the Indian independence movement, aimed at funding revolutionary activities. The revolutionaries involved became martyrs for the cause. The HRA later transformed into the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) under the influence of leaders like Bhagat Singh and Chandrasekhar Azad.

5. Which of the following were the main influences on Vasudeo Balvant Pha

Which of the following were the main influences on Vasudeo Balvant Phadke ?

1. Experience of the Deccan famine of 1876-77
2. Hindu revivalism
3. Theory of Drain of Wealth
4. Reformist idea of Phule

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

1, 2 and 3

2, 3 and 4

1 and 3 only

2 and 4 only

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CAPF – 2015

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The main influences on Vasudeo Balvant Phadke were the Experience of the Deccan famine of 1876-77, Hindu revivalism, and the Theory of Drain of Wealth.

Vasudeo Balvant Phadke was deeply affected by the suffering of the people during the severe Deccan famine of 1876-77, which he attributed to British policies. He organized armed resistance, drawing inspiration from Hindu nationalist ideas and Shivaji Maharaj, reflecting Hindu revivalism. The concept of economic exploitation by the British, later formalized as the Drain of Wealth theory by Dadabhai Naoroji, was a significant element in nationalist discourse and motivated many, including Phadke, to oppose British rule. Jyotirao Phule was a prominent social reformer focusing on caste inequalities and education, while Phadke’s primary focus was on overthrowing British political rule through armed struggle. Their approaches were different.

Phadke is considered one of the early Indian revolutionaries who attempted to overthrow British rule by force. He organized a group of Ramoshis, Kolis, Bhils, and Dhangars to raise funds and resources for his rebellion. He is often called the ‘father of Indian armed rebellion’.

6. The Hindustan Republican Association was founded to :

The Hindustan Republican Association was founded to :

Set up a republican government in Hindustan

Organize armed rebellion in India

Persuade the Indian people to participate in elections

Encourage the Indian youth on to the path of socialism

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CAPF – 2009

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The Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), founded in 1924, was a revolutionary organization whose primary objective was to overthrow British rule in India through organized armed rebellion and establish a Federal Republic of the United States of India. While establishing a republic was the ultimate goal, the association was founded specifically to *organize* the means to achieve this, which was armed revolution or rebellion. Therefore, organizing armed rebellion in India (Option B) is the most accurate description of what the association was founded to *do*.

– HRA was a revolutionary nationalist organization founded in 1924 by figures like Ram Prasad Bismil, Sachindra Nath Sanyal, and Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee.
– Their stated aim was to achieve independence through revolution.
– They carried out actions like the Kakori Conspiracy (1925) to fund their revolutionary activities.

The HRA was later reorganized as the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) in 1928, with the inclusion of Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru, adding a socialist objective to their goal of a republic via armed struggle.

7. Who among the following had organised, in 1904, a secret society of re

Who among the following had organised, in 1904, a secret society of revolutionaries named Abhinav Bharat ?

Khudiram Bose

Shyamji Krishna Verma

Har Dayal

V D Savarkar

This question was previously asked in

UPSC NDA-2 – 2020

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The secret society of revolutionaries named Abhinav Bharat Society was founded by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar and his brother Ganesh Damodar Savarkar in 1904. It was an expansion and renaming of an earlier organization called Mitra Mela, which V.D. Savarkar had started in Nasik in 1899.

Abhinav Bharat Society was a prominent revolutionary organization involved in anti-British activities in India and also had branches in London.

Khudiram Bose was a young revolutionary involved in the Muzzafarpur bombing (1908). Shyamji Krishna Verma founded the India House in London (1905), a center for Indian students and nationalist activities. Har Dayal was a founder of the Ghadar Party (1913) in North America.

8. Which of the following statements about the Chittagong group is NOT

Which of the following statements about the Chittagong group is NOT correct?

Its membership included a large number of youth including Ganesh Ghosh, Lokenath Baul and Anant Singh

Its leader Surya Sen had been a lawyer in Dhaka before joining the group

Surya Sen and his group were closely associated with Congress work in Chittagong

This group had prepared an action plan to occupy the armouries in Chittagong

This question was previously asked in

UPSC NDA-1 – 2017

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The statement that its leader Surya Sen had been a lawyer in Dhaka before joining the group is NOT correct.

Surya Sen, known as ‘Masterda’, the leader of the Chittagong group responsible for the 1930 armoury raid, was a school teacher in Chittagong. He was not a lawyer and was not based in Dhaka.

Statement A is correct; the group included young revolutionaries like Ganesh Ghosh, Lokenath Baul, and Anant Singh. Statement C is correct; Surya Sen was involved in Congress activities and was president of the Chittagong District Congress Committee before focusing on armed revolution. Statement D is correct; their main plan was indeed to seize the British armouries in Chittagong.

9. What is the common element among Ram Prasad Bismil, Roshan Singh and R

What is the common element among Ram Prasad Bismil, Roshan Singh and Rajendra Lahiri ?

They threw a bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly on 8 April, 1929

They were the founder members of Swaraj Party

They were the founders of Hindustan Republican Association

They were associated with Kakori Conspiracy case

This question was previously asked in

UPSC NDA-1 – 2015

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Ram Prasad Bismil, Roshan Singh, and Rajendra Lahiri were all prominent revolutionaries associated with the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA). Their common and most significant link is their involvement in the Kakori Conspiracy Case of 1925. They participated in the train robbery at Kakori, which was planned to fund the HRA’s revolutionary activities. Along with Ashfaqulla Khan, these three were arrested, tried, and subsequently sentenced to death and executed by the British government for their role in the conspiracy.

The Kakori Conspiracy (August 9, 1925) was a defining event for the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) and highlighted the commitment of its members to armed revolution. The trial and execution of key leaders like Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Lahiri, and Roshan Singh created martyrs for the independence movement.

While Ram Prasad Bismil was a leading figure in the HRA and one of its early organizers, the statement that they were the ‘founders’ of HRA (Option C) is not as precise as their shared involvement and fate in the Kakori Conspiracy case. The HRA was founded earlier in 1924 by individuals like Sachindra Nath Sanyal, Narendra Mohan Sen, and Pratul Ganguly, with Bismil being a prominent leader within the organization.

10. In April 1908, Prafulla Chaki and Khudiram Bose threw a bomb at a carr

In April 1908, Prafulla Chaki and Khudiram Bose threw a bomb at a carriage in Muzaffarpur which they believed to be occupied by Kingsford. Which among the following correctly describes the profession of Kingsford ?

Revenue Officer

Judge

Police Officer

Army Personnel

This question was previously asked in

UPSC Geoscientist – 2024

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In April 1908, Prafulla Chaki and Khudiram Bose attempted to assassinate Douglas Kingsford in Muzaffarpur. Kingsford was the District Judge at Muzaffarpur at that time. He had previously served as the Chief Presidency Magistrate in Calcutta and was known for handing down severe punishments to Indian nationalists and revolutionaries.

The revolutionaries mistakenly bombed a carriage carrying Mrs. Kennedy and her daughter, instead of Kingsford’s carriage. The ladies were killed in the attack. This incident led to the arrest of Khudiram Bose and Prafulla Chaki; Chaki committed suicide while resisting arrest, and Bose was tried and subsequently hanged.