Peasant Movement and Kisan Sabha

11. Who launched the Bardoli Satyagraha on 4th February, 1928 ?

Who launched the Bardoli Satyagraha on 4th February, 1928 ?

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Mahatma Gandhi
Vallabhbhai Patel
Rajendra Prasad
Kalyanjî Mehta
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Vallabhbhai Patel launched and led the Bardoli Satyagraha on 4th February, 1928.
The Bardoli Satyagraha was a major peasant movement against an arbitrary increase in land revenue by the Bombay Presidency government. Vallabhbhai Patel successfully organized and led the peasants in their non-violent resistance, earning the title ‘Sardar’ from the women of Bardoli for his leadership.
Mahatma Gandhi supported the movement and visited Bardoli, but the on-ground leadership was provided by Vallabhbhai Patel. Rajendra Prasad was involved in the inquiry committee set up after the movement’s success. Kalyanji Mehta was among the local leaders who initiated the protest before Patel took over the leadership.

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12. After the First World War, the Triveni Sangh was formed by

After the First World War, the Triveni Sangh was formed by

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the Jats and Gujjars
the Rajputs and Yadavas
the Jats and Yadavas
the Ahirs and Kurmis
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The Triveni Sangh was a political organization formed by the Ahirs (Yadavas) and Kurmis, along with Koeris, in Bihar.
The Triveni Sangh was founded in the 1930s in Bihar. It represented the interests of three intermediate peasant castes: Yadavas (also known as Ahirs), Kurmis, and Koeris. These communities sought to challenge the dominance of upper castes in the social and political structure.
The Sangh aimed for social equality, political power, and economic upliftment for these communities. It contested elections but faced significant opposition. Option D lists Ahirs (Yadavas) and Kurmis, two of the three core constituent castes of the Triveni Sangh, making it the most accurate option among the choices provided.

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13. Statement I : The Oudh Kisan Sabha established in 1920 failed to bring

Statement I : The Oudh Kisan Sabha established in 1920 failed to bring under its wing any Kisan Sabhas.
Statement II : The Oudh Kisan Sabha asked the Kisans to refuse to till bedakhli land, not to offer hari and begar.

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Both the statements are individually true and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I.
Both the statements are individually true but Statement II is not the correct explanation of Statement I.
Statement I is true but Statement II is false.
Statement I is false but Statement II is true.
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Statement I is false. The Oudh Kisan Sabha was established in October 1920, partly in response to the feeling that the existing UP Kisan Sabha was dominated by moderates. Its primary aim was precisely to bring the numerous local Kisan Sabhas in Oudh under a unified leadership and banner, which it largely succeeded in doing initially, significantly expanding the peasant movement’s reach. Statement II is true. A key aspect of the Oudh Kisan Sabha’s demands and calls to action included asking peasants to resist exploitative landlord practices such as refusing to cultivate ‘bedakhli’ (land from which tenants were illegally evicted) and refusing to perform ‘hari’ and ‘begar’ (forms of forced labour).
The Oudh Kisan Sabha was formed to unify peasant movements and actively campaigned against landlord exploitation.
Leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru, Baba Ram Chandra, and Madari Pasi were involved in the Oudh peasant movement. Despite initial success, the movement faced internal divisions and government repression.

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14. The khuntkatti tenure was prevalent in which one of the following regi

The khuntkatti tenure was prevalent in which one of the following regions of India during the British Colonial Rule?

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Bundelkhand
Karnataka
Chota Nagpur
Madras Presidency
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The khuntkatti tenure system was a traditional system of land ownership prevalent among the Munda tribe in the Chota Nagpur region of modern-day Jharkhand. Under this system, land was owned collectively by the Munda clan (kili), who cleared the forest and brought the land under cultivation. Individual families cultivated portions of this communal land, but ownership remained with the community. The British administration and the introduction of Zamindari system disrupted this communal ownership, leading to peasant discontent and revolts like the Munda Rebellion (Ulgulan) led by Birsa Munda in the late 19th century.
Khuntkatti tenure was a communal land ownership system specific to the Munda tribe in the Chota Nagpur area.
The Chota Nagpur region is located in eastern India, covering parts of Jharkhand, Odisha, Bihar, and Chhattisgarh. The other regions mentioned (Bundelkhand, Karnataka, Madras Presidency) had different prevailing land tenure systems like Ryotwari, Mahalwari, or different forms of Zamindari.

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15. Who took over the ‘Eka Movement’ started by the Congress in Awadh duri

Who took over the ‘Eka Movement’ started by the Congress in Awadh during 1921-1922?

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Bhagwan Ahir
Madari Pasi
Baba Ramchandra
Shah Naeem Ata
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Madari Pasi took over the leadership of the ‘Eka Movement’ in Awadh during 1921-1922.
The Eka (Unity) Movement was a peasant movement that emerged in certain districts of Awadh, Uttar Pradesh. It initially had Congress and Khilafat support, but after Congress withdrew due to increasing violence, the movement was taken over by Madari Pasi, who provided a leadership independent of the Congress.
The Eka Movement primarily focused on demands related to high rents, oppression by landlords, and the practice of *begar* (forced labour). Baba Ramchandra was a prominent leader of the earlier Kisan Sabha movement in Awadh.

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16. The elected President of the All India Kisan Sabha, which met in Vijay

The elected President of the All India Kisan Sabha, which met in Vijayawada (1944), was

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Sahajananda Saraswati
Vinoba Bhave
Achyut Rao Patwardhan
Narendra Dev
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Swami Sahajanand Saraswati was the elected President of the All India Kisan Sabha session held in Vijayawada in 1944.
The All India Kisan Sabha (AIKS) was an important peasant movement organization in India. Swami Sahajanand Saraswati was a prominent leader and founder of the AIKS.
The session in Vijayawada in 1944 was the 8th session of the All India Kisan Sabha. Other prominent figures associated with the AIKS included N.G. Ranga, E.M.S. Namboodiripad, and Indulal Yagnik. Narendra Dev was also involved with peasant movements, often through the Congress Socialist Party, but Sahajanand Saraswati presided over the 1944 AIKS session.

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17. Which one of the following peasant struggles was an outcome of British

Which one of the following peasant struggles was an outcome of British opium policy?

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Phulaguri Dhawa (1861)
Birsaite Ulgulan (1899-1900)
Pabna Revolt (1873)
Maratha Peasant Uprising (1875)
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The Phulaguri Dhawa (1861) in Assam was a peasant uprising that was directly an outcome of the British opium policy, alongside other grievances like taxation on betel leaf. The British government had imposed heavy taxes and restrictions on local opium cultivation, which was widely practiced by the tribal people for personal consumption and medicinal purposes.
This uprising is known for its direct link to peasant resistance against the British government’s intervention in the traditional practice of opium cultivation and its taxation policies.
The Birsaite Ulgulan was a tribal revolt led by Birsa Munda against land alienation and forest laws in the Chota Nagpur region. The Pabna Revolt was an agrarian unrest in Bengal primarily against the oppressive practices of zamindars. The Maratha Peasant Uprising (Deccan Riots) was against moneylenders and the high land revenue demands in the Deccan region.

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18. Which of the following statements about the Deccan Riots of 1875 is/ar

Which of the following statements about the Deccan Riots of 1875 is/are true?

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  • 1. The Deccan Riots resulted in protection for peasants through the Deccan Agriculturists Relief Act of 1879.
  • 2. The riots did not spread to the whole of Maharashtra because of prompt suppression by the British.
  • 3. The British were unable to contain the riots and they spread throughout Maharashtra.
  • 4. The cotton boom in the Deccan that had been caused by the artificial demand generated by the American Civil War caused the impoverishment of the peasants.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1 only
1 and 3
2 and 4 only
1, 2 and 4
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Statements 1, 2, and 4 are true. Statement 3 is false as the riots were contained and did not spread throughout the entire Maharashtra region.
The Deccan Riots of 1875 were peasant uprisings in the Deccan region of Maharashtra against moneylenders, primarily due to agrarian distress. The riots were triggered by factors including high land revenue demands, economic depression following the end of the American Civil War (which had caused an artificial cotton boom), and exploitative practices of moneylenders who often took advantage of peasants’ indebtedness to seize their land. The riots prompted the British government to appoint a commission and subsequently pass the Deccan Agriculturists Relief Act of 1879, which provided some legal protection to peasants against debt and land alienation. The riots were largely concentrated in specific districts and were suppressed by the British authorities, preventing them from spreading across the entire region.
The American Civil War (1861-1865) led to a disruption of cotton supply from the US to Britain, boosting Indian cotton exports and prices. This led to increased cultivation and borrowing by peasants in the Deccan. When the war ended, cotton prices crashed, leaving peasants burdened with debt and facing high revenue demands, which contributed significantly to their impoverishment and the outbreak of the riots.

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19. Consider the following statements : 1. In the 19th century, peasants

Consider the following statements :

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  • 1. In the 19th century, peasants in various parts of India rose in revolt against moneylenders and grain dealers.
  • 2. In May 1875, at village Supa in Poona District in the Bombay Deccan, peasants attacked shopkeepers, burnt the bahi khatas (account books), looted grain shops and set fire to the houses of Sahukars.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
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Statement 1 is correct. The 19th century witnessed several peasant uprisings across India. A significant cause of discontent was exploitation by moneylenders (sahukars) and grain dealers, alongside other grievances against landlords and the colonial state’s policies. Examples include the Deccan Riots, the Pabna agrarian league, etc.
Statement 2 is correct. The Deccan Riots of 1875 were a series of riots by peasants against moneylenders in the Poona and Ahmednagar districts of Maharashtra. The riots began in May 1875 in Supa village (Poona district), where peasants attacked the houses and shops of moneylenders, burnt account books (bahi khatas), and looted grain.
Peasant revolts against moneylenders were a feature of 19th-century India, and the Deccan Riots of 1875, starting in Supa, Poona, are a specific example involving attacks on moneylenders and their records.
The Deccan Riots were investigated by a commission, leading to the passing of the Deccan Agriculturists’ Relief Act of 1879, which provided some protection to peasants against moneylenders. Other significant peasant movements of the 19th century included the Indigo Revolt (1859-60) and the Moplah Rebellion (various periods).

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20. The Damin-i-Koh was created by the British Government to settle which

The Damin-i-Koh was created by the British Government to settle which one of the following communities?

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Santals
Mundas
Oraons
Saoras
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The correct answer is A) Santals.
Damin-i-Koh was a demarcated area in the Santhal Parganas (part of present-day Jharkhand) created by the British in 1832. The aim was to settle the Santals, encourage them to practice settled agriculture, and collect land revenue.
Before the creation of Damin-i-Koh, the Santals were shifting cultivators and forest dwellers. The British policy aimed to bring them under revenue administration and control. The influx of outsiders (moneylenders, zamindars) into this area, encouraged by British policies, led to exploitation of the Santals and eventually resulted in the Santhal Rebellion of 1855-56. Mundas and Oraons are other major tribal communities in the Chota Nagpur region but Damin-i-Koh was specifically related to the Santals.

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