Partition of India and Independence

Arrange the following agreements between India and Pakistan in chronological order :

1. Tashkent Declaration
2. Indus Water Treaty
3. Agreement on the Prohibition of Attack Against Each Other’s Nuclear Installations and Facilities
4. Agreement on Reducing the Risk from Accidents Relating to Nuclear Weapons

Select the answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”1, 2, 3, 4″ option2=”2, 3, 1, 4″ option3=”2, 1, 3, 4″ option4=”1, 4, 2, 3″ correct=”option3″]

The correct option is C) 2, 1, 3, 4.

Let’s arrange the agreements chronologically:
1. **Indus Water Treaty:** Signed on September 19, 1960.
2. **Tashkent Declaration:** Signed on January 10, 1966. This followed the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965.
3. **Agreement on the Prohibition of Attack Against Each Other’s Nuclear Installations and Facilities:** Signed on December 31, 1988, and came into force in 1991.
4. **Agreement on Reducing the Risk from Accidents Relating to Nuclear Weapons:** Signed on February 21, 2007.

The chronological order is thus 2, 1, 3, 4.

These agreements are significant milestones in India-Pakistan relations. The Indus Water Treaty, despite conflicts, has largely remained in force. The Tashkent Declaration aimed to restore friendly relations after the 1965 war but was marred by subsequent events. The nuclear agreements are confidence-building measures crucial for managing nuclear risks between the two countries.

Which one of the following is not correct about the Indian Independence Act, 1947?

[amp_mcq option1=”The Bill for the Indian Independence Act was introduced in Parliament on July 4 and received the Royal Assent on July 18, 1947.” option2=”Act of 1947 laid down the basic framework of the Indian Constitution.” option3=”The Act provided for the establishment of two independent Dominions to be known as India and Pakistan.” option4=”The Act empowered the Constituent Assembly of each Dominion to have unlimited power to frame and adopt any constitution.” correct=”option2″]

Statement B is not correct about the Indian Independence Act, 1947.

The Indian Independence Act, 1947, was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that partitioned British India into two new independent dominions, India and Pakistan.

Statement A is correct: The Bill for the Indian Independence Act was introduced on July 4, 1947, and received Royal Assent on July 18, 1947. Statement C is correct: The Act explicitly provided for the creation of two independent Dominions, India and Pakistan. Statement D is correct: The Act gave sovereign power to the Constituent Assembly of each Dominion to frame and adopt any constitution it deemed fit, granting them the power to abrogate or modify any Act of the British Parliament, including the 1947 Act itself. Statement B is incorrect because the Act did not lay down the basic framework of the Indian Constitution; instead, it empowered the Constituent Assembly to create its own constitution, thereby providing the legal basis for the constitution-making process. The framework was decided by the Constituent Assembly members through deliberations and committees.

Which one of the following is not a change brought about by the Indian Independence Act of 1947?

[amp_mcq option1=”The Government of India Act, 1935 was amended to provide an interim Constitution.” option2=”India ceased to be a dependency.” option3=”The Crown was the source of authority till new Constitution was framed.” option4=”The Governor-General was the constitutional head of Indian Dominion.” correct=”option3″]

The Indian Independence Act of 1947 declared India independent and sovereign. Consequently, the authority of the Crown ceased to exist. The Constituent Assembly of India became sovereign, and its power to frame a new Constitution was not derived from the British Crown but from the will of the Indian people. Therefore, the statement that “The Crown was the source of authority till new Constitution was framed” is incorrect.

– The Indian Independence Act, 1947 ended British rule and declared India independent and sovereign.
– The sovereignty was transferred from the British Crown to the Constituent Assemblies of the Dominions of India and Pakistan.

– The Government of India Act, 1935 was adapted and amended (not as a new ‘interim Constitution’ but as the working legal framework) to serve as the Constitution for each Dominion until a new Constitution was framed and adopted.
– India ceased to be a dependency and attained the status of a free and sovereign nation.
– The Governor-General became the constitutional head of the Indian Dominion, acting on the advice of the Council of Ministers.