Partition of India and Independence

11. Who was the Education Minister in the first Cabinet of Independent Ind

Who was the Education Minister in the first Cabinet of Independent India ?

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Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Acharya Narendra Dev
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UPSC NDA-2 – 2019
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Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was the first Education Minister in the first Cabinet of Independent India.
He served in this crucial role from 1947 until his death in 1958.
Maulana Azad was a prominent leader of the Indian independence movement, a scholar, and a statesman. As Education Minister, he played a key role in establishing important educational institutions and shaping India’s education policy. India celebrates his birthday (November 11) as National Education Day. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan was the first Vice-President and later the second President of India. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister.

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12. Which one among the following districts of Eastern India held a refere

Which one among the following districts of Eastern India held a referendum in 1947 to decide whether or not to join Pakistan ?

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Sylhet
Goalpara
Cachar
Jalpaiguri
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2023
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During the Partition of India in 1947, the district of Sylhet, which was part of the Assam province of British India, held a referendum. The population was predominantly Muslim, and the referendum was held to decide whether the district would remain part of India (Assam) or join the newly created Pakistan (specifically East Bengal, which later became Bangladesh). The referendum resulted in a vote in favour of joining Pakistan.
The Sylhet Referendum in 1947 decided the fate of the district, leading to its accession to East Pakistan during the Partition of India.
Most of Assam remained part of India, but due to its Muslim majority population and geographical contiguity with East Bengal, Sylhet’s status was put to a vote. A boundary commission (the Radcliffe Line) demarcated the exact border, and most of Sylhet went to Pakistan, although a small area remained in India as part of the Karimganj district.

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13. Which part of independent India had held the first election based on u

Which part of independent India had held the first election based on universal adult franchise?

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Hyderabad
Manipur
West Bengal
Nagaland
This question was previously asked in
UPSC Geoscientist – 2023
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The correct answer is B) Manipur.
Manipur, a princely state that acceded to India, held elections based on universal adult franchise in June 1948 for its Legislative Assembly. This election took place before the first general elections for the Parliament of India in 1951-52, and also before the final merger of Manipur into the Union of India in October 1949. This makes it the first part of independent India to hold elections on the basis of universal adult franchise.
Universal adult franchise means that the right to vote is extended to all adult citizens, regardless of wealth, income, gender, social status, race, or any other restriction, subject only to minor exceptions. India adopted universal adult suffrage with the enactment of the Constitution in 1950. While the first nationwide general elections were held in 1951-52, Manipur conducted elections based on this principle earlier in 1948 as a constituent state of the Dominion of India before its formal integration as a Part C state. Hyderabad was integrated later in 1948 and its political structure evolved over time. West Bengal was a province integrated into the Dominion of India in 1947, but the first state-wide elections under the new Constitution for its legislature were part of the 1951-52 general elections. Nagaland was formed as a separate state much later in 1963.

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14. Arrange the following agreements between India and Pakistan in chronol

Arrange the following agreements between India and Pakistan in chronological order :

  1. Tashkent Declaration
  2. Indus Water Treaty
  3. Agreement on the Prohibition of Attack Against Each Other’s Nuclear Installations and Facilities
  4. Agreement on Reducing the Risk from Accidents Relating to Nuclear Weapons

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1, 2, 3, 4
2, 3, 1, 4
2, 1, 3, 4
1, 4, 2, 3
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2024
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The correct option is C) 2, 1, 3, 4.
Let’s arrange the agreements chronologically:
1. **Indus Water Treaty:** Signed on September 19, 1960.
2. **Tashkent Declaration:** Signed on January 10, 1966. This followed the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965.
3. **Agreement on the Prohibition of Attack Against Each Other’s Nuclear Installations and Facilities:** Signed on December 31, 1988, and came into force in 1991.
4. **Agreement on Reducing the Risk from Accidents Relating to Nuclear Weapons:** Signed on February 21, 2007.

The chronological order is thus 2, 1, 3, 4.

These agreements are significant milestones in India-Pakistan relations. The Indus Water Treaty, despite conflicts, has largely remained in force. The Tashkent Declaration aimed to restore friendly relations after the 1965 war but was marred by subsequent events. The nuclear agreements are confidence-building measures crucial for managing nuclear risks between the two countries.

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15. Which one of the following is not correct about the Indian Independenc

Which one of the following is not correct about the Indian Independence Act, 1947?

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The Bill for the Indian Independence Act was introduced in Parliament on July 4 and received the Royal Assent on July 18, 1947.
Act of 1947 laid down the basic framework of the Indian Constitution.
The Act provided for the establishment of two independent Dominions to be known as India and Pakistan.
The Act empowered the Constituent Assembly of each Dominion to have unlimited power to frame and adopt any constitution.
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UPSC CDS-2 – 2023
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Statement B is not correct about the Indian Independence Act, 1947.
The Indian Independence Act, 1947, was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that partitioned British India into two new independent dominions, India and Pakistan.
Statement A is correct: The Bill for the Indian Independence Act was introduced on July 4, 1947, and received Royal Assent on July 18, 1947. Statement C is correct: The Act explicitly provided for the creation of two independent Dominions, India and Pakistan. Statement D is correct: The Act gave sovereign power to the Constituent Assembly of each Dominion to frame and adopt any constitution it deemed fit, granting them the power to abrogate or modify any Act of the British Parliament, including the 1947 Act itself. Statement B is incorrect because the Act did not lay down the basic framework of the Indian Constitution; instead, it empowered the Constituent Assembly to create its own constitution, thereby providing the legal basis for the constitution-making process. The framework was decided by the Constituent Assembly members through deliberations and committees.

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16. Which one of the following is not a change brought about by the Indi

Which one of the following is not a change brought about by the Indian Independence Act of 1947?

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The Government of India Act, 1935 was amended to provide an interim Constitution.
India ceased to be a dependency.
The Crown was the source of authority till new Constitution was framed.
The Governor-General was the constitutional head of Indian Dominion.
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UPSC CDS-1 – 2019
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The Indian Independence Act of 1947 declared India independent and sovereign. Consequently, the authority of the Crown ceased to exist. The Constituent Assembly of India became sovereign, and its power to frame a new Constitution was not derived from the British Crown but from the will of the Indian people. Therefore, the statement that “The Crown was the source of authority till new Constitution was framed” is incorrect.
– The Indian Independence Act, 1947 ended British rule and declared India independent and sovereign.
– The sovereignty was transferred from the British Crown to the Constituent Assemblies of the Dominions of India and Pakistan.
– The Government of India Act, 1935 was adapted and amended (not as a new ‘interim Constitution’ but as the working legal framework) to serve as the Constitution for each Dominion until a new Constitution was framed and adopted.
– India ceased to be a dependency and attained the status of a free and sovereign nation.
– The Governor-General became the constitutional head of the Indian Dominion, acting on the advice of the Council of Ministers.

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