Other Civil Uprisings

1. Damin-i-Koh is essentially associated with which of the following trib

Damin-i-Koh is essentially associated with which of the following tribes of India ?

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Lushai
Khasi
Toda
Santhal
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2023
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Damin-i-Koh is essentially associated with the Santhal tribe of India.
Damin-i-Koh (literally ‘skirt of the hills’) was a tract of land in the Rajmahal Hills area of present-day Jharkhand and West Bengal.
The British government demarcated this area in the early 19th century and encouraged the Santhals to settle there by offering land and other incentives. This was part of a policy to bring land under cultivation and control the turbulent Paharia tribes inhabiting the hills. However, exploitation by landlords, moneylenders, and officials led to the Santhal rebellion in 1855-56.

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2. Which of the following pairs of tribal movements and their leaders are

Which of the following pairs of tribal movements and their leaders are correctly matched?

1.Rampa Rebellion:Alluri Sitarama Raju
2.Naga Movement:Haipou Jadonang
3.Heraka Movement:Rani Gaidinliu
4.Santhal Rebellion:Sidhu Murmu and Kanhu Murmu

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

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1, 2 and 3 only
2, 3 and 4 only
1, 2, 3 and 4
1 and 4 only
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CBI DSP LDCE – 2023
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The correct answer is C, meaning all four pairs are correctly matched.
– Pair 1: The Rampa Rebellion (also known as the Manyam Rebellion) of 1922-24 in the Godavari Agency was led by Alluri Sitarama Raju. This is correctly matched.
– Pair 2: Haipou Jadonang was a Naga spiritual leader and freedom fighter who led a movement against British rule in the early 1930s in Manipur and surrounding areas. This is correctly matched with the Naga Movement.
– Pair 3: The Heraka Movement was a religious reform movement that originated among the Zeliangrong Nagas. It was started by Haipou Jadonang and later led and popularized by Rani Gaidinliu, who continued the anti-British struggle associated with the movement. This is correctly matched.
– Pair 4: The Santhal Rebellion (Santhal Hul) of 1855-56 was a major tribal uprising against the British and their collaborators. It was led by four Murmu brothers: Sidhu, Kanhu, Chand, and Bhairav. Sidhu Murmu and Kanhu Murmu were the principal leaders. This is correctly matched.
These tribal movements represent significant instances of resistance against colonial rule and exploitative systems in different parts of India. The leaders often combined socio-religious reform with political struggle.

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3. With reference to the history of India, “Ulgulan” or the Great Tumult

With reference to the history of India, “Ulgulan” or the Great Tumult is the description of which of the following events?

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The Revolt of 1857
The Mappila Rebellion of 1921
The Indigo Revolt of 1859 - 60
Birsa Munda's Revolt of 1899 - 1900
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UPSC IAS – 2020
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“Ulgulan,” meaning “Great Tumult” or “Great Commotion,” is the term used to describe the Munda Rebellion led by Birsa Munda against the British Raj and the exploitation by zamindars and moneylenders (‘Dikus’) in the Chota Nagpur region of present-day Jharkhand. The revolt took place primarily between 1899 and 1900.
“Ulgulan” is synonymous with the Munda Rebellion led by tribal leader Birsa Munda.
The Revolt of 1857 (A) is known by various names like Sepoy Mutiny or First War of Independence. The Mappila Rebellion of 1921 (B) was an uprising in Malabar, Kerala. The Indigo Revolt of 1859-60 (C) was a peasant uprising against indigo planters in Bengal. “Ulgulan” specifically refers to the widespread rebellion led by Birsa Munda, focusing on tribal rights, land issues, and resistance against colonial rule and outsiders.

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4. After the Santhal Uprising subsided, what was/were the measure/measure

After the Santhal Uprising subsided, what was/were the measure/measures taken by the colonial government ?

  • The territories called ‘Santhal Paraganas’ were created.
  • It became illegal for a Santhal to transfer land to a non-Santhal.

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1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
This question was previously asked in
UPSC IAS – 2018
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The correct answer is C) Both 1 and 2.
Following the Santhal Uprising (1855-56), the colonial government implemented specific administrative and legal measures to address the grievances of the Santhals and prevent future rebellions.
One of the significant outcomes was the creation of the Santhal Parganas district in 1855-56, carved out of parts of Bhagalpur and Rajmahal districts. This was aimed at providing a separate administrative unit for the Santhals. Furthermore, land laws were enacted (like the Santhal Parganas Tenancy Act, 1885, building upon earlier regulations) that made it illegal for a Santhal to transfer land to a non-Santhal, primarily to protect them from exploitation by moneylenders and zamindars who were alienating their land. Both these measures were direct consequences of the uprising aimed at pacification and protection of the Santhals, albeit within the colonial framework.

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5. Consider the following statements about the Santhal Hool of 1855-56:

Consider the following statements about the Santhal Hool of 1855-56:

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  • The Santhals were in a desperate situation as tribal lands were leased out
  • The Santhal rebels were treated very leniently by British officials
  • Santhal inhabited areas were eventually constituted into separate administrative units called Santhal parganas
  • The Santhal rebellion was the only major rebellion in mid 19th century India

Which of the statements given above is / are correct ?

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1 only
2 and 3
1, 3 and 4
1 and 3 only
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UPSC CAPF – 2016
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Statements 1 and 3 are correct. Statement 1 is correct; the Santhals were increasingly exploited by moneylenders, landlords, and government officials, losing their land. Statement 3 is correct; following the rebellion, certain areas were demarcated and constituted into Santhal Parganas through the Santhal Parganas Tenancy Act of 1876, aiming to protect their land rights. Statement 2 is incorrect; the Santhal rebels were suppressed with extreme brutality by the British. Statement 4 is incorrect; there were numerous other major rebellions in mid-19th century India, such as the Indigo Rebellion (1859-60), Munda Rebellion (starting 1899), etc., not to mention the widespread Sepoy Mutiny of 1857-58.
The Santhal Hool (rebellion) was a significant tribal uprising against exploitation and land alienation by outsiders and the colonial state.
The rebellion was led by Sidhu and Kanhu Murmu. The Santhals proclaimed themselves independent and took action against moneylenders and government forces. The brutal suppression highlighted the state’s response to such uprisings but also led to some protective measures being enacted later.

6. Alluri Sitarama Raju’s rebellion (1922-1924) took place in

Alluri Sitarama Raju’s rebellion (1922-1924) took place in

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Chota Nagpur
Gudem-Rampa Tract
Bastar
Nellore
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2012
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The correct answer is B) Gudem-Rampa Tract.
Alluri Sitarama Raju led the Rampa Rebellion, also known as the Manyam Rebellion, which took place from 1922 to 1924. The rebellion was concentrated in the agency areas of the Godavari division, specifically the Gudem and Rampa hills tracts, which were inhabited by tribal communities in the Madras Presidency (now part of Andhra Pradesh). Raju protested against British forest laws and policies that restricted the tribals’ traditional rights.
Chota Nagpur is a plateau region in Eastern India associated with several tribal uprisings but not led by Alluri Sitarama Raju. Bastar is a tribal region in Chhattisgarh, known for various tribal movements. Nellore is a district in Andhra Pradesh but not the primary location of Raju’s rebellion.

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7. Directions : The following two (2) items consist of two statements, St

Directions :
The following two (2) items consist of two statements, Statement I and Statement II. You are to examine these two statements carefully and select the answers to these items using the code given below :

Code :

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  • Both the statements are individually true and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I
  • Both the statements are individually true but Statement II is not the correct explanation of Statement I
  • Statement I is true but Statement II is false
  • Statement I is false but Statement II is true

Statement I :
In India, tribal movements of 19th century resulted out of the process of land displacements and the introduction of forest laws.
Statement II :
The Indian freedom movement resolved the problems faced by the tribals.

Both the statements are individually true and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I
Both the statements are individually true but Statement II is not the correct explanation of Statement I
Statement I is true but Statement II is false
Statement I is false but Statement II is true
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UPSC CAPF – 2012
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Statement I is true, but Statement II is false. Tribal movements in the 19th century were indeed largely a response to the colonial state’s policies involving land alienation, displacement due to expansion of agriculture, mining, and infrastructure, and the imposition of restrictive forest laws that disrupted their traditional way of life and access to resources. Statement II is false because while some nationalist leaders did express sympathy for tribal issues, the main focus of the Indian freedom movement was achieving independence from British rule, and it did not comprehensively resolve the complex problems faced by tribal communities. These issues, such as land rights, forest access, and integration, continued to be challenges even after independence.
Colonial land and forest policies were major catalysts for 19th-century tribal movements. The Indian freedom movement did not resolve the fundamental issues faced by tribal populations.
Examples of significant 19th-century tribal movements include the Santhal Hul (Rebellion) of 1855-56, the Munda Rebellion (Ulgulan) led by Birsa Munda in the late 19th century, and numerous others across different regions of India. Issues of land alienation and forest rights remain relevant concerns for tribal communities in India today.

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8. In which one of the following years did the British demarcate a large

In which one of the following years did the British demarcate a large area of land as Damin-i-koh for settling the Santhals ?

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1810
1793
1885
1832
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-2 – 2021
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The British demarcated the Damin-i-koh (meaning ‘skirt of the hills’) in the Rajmahal Hills area (present-day Jharkhand) specifically for settling Santhals. This was part of a strategy starting in the 1830s to expand settled agriculture, control the hill tribes, and increase revenue collection. The demarcation and settlement process for Damin-i-koh began around 1832.
– Damin-i-koh was a special territory created by the British in the Rajmahal Hills.
– It was intended for the settlement of Santhals and the promotion of settled agriculture.
– The policy led to the Santhal Rebellion in 1855-56 due to exploitation by zamindars and moneylenders who infiltrated the area.
The creation of Damin-i-koh involved clearing forests and bringing land under cultivation. The Santhals were encouraged to settle there with favourable initial terms, but gradually, the influx of outsiders and oppressive policies led to their revolt.

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9. What was Damin-i Koh in Rajmahal area ?

What was Damin-i Koh in Rajmahal area ?

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A large area of land demarcated and declared to be the land of the Santhals
The land of the Paharias cultivated exclusively for paddy
The British territory marked for their military camp
The land earmarked for locating settled agriculturists
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-2 – 2020
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Damin-i Koh (literally, ‘skirt of the hills’) was an area in the Rajmahal hills of present-day Jharkhand that was demarcated by the British in the 1830s. It was specifically declared as the land of the Santhals, who were encouraged to settle there, clear the forests, and practice settled agriculture in exchange for paying revenue.
Damin-i Koh was an administrative measure by the British East India Company to expand settled agriculture and revenue collection, primarily by settling Santhals in the Rajmahal hills.
This policy led to the displacement of the Paharias, the original inhabitants of the hills, and also brought the Santhals under the exploitation of moneylenders and zamindars who entered the area. These factors were major causes of the Santhal rebellion (Hul) in 1855-56.

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10. Which one of the following groups of movements/revolts/rebellions/riot

Which one of the following groups of movements/revolts/rebellions/riots is in chronological order (starting from the earliest)?

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Santhal uprising, Tebhaga movement, Deccan riots
Kol rebellion, Santhal uprising, Deccan riots
Santhal uprising, Tebhaga movement, Kol rebellion
Kuka revolt, Deccan riots, Santhal uprising
This question was previously asked in
UPSC Geoscientist – 2020
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The correct answer is B) Kol rebellion, Santhal uprising, Deccan riots. This option lists the events in chronological order from earliest to latest.
– Kol rebellion: 1831-1832 (primarily in the Chota Nagpur region).
– Santhal uprising: 1855-1856 (in the Santhal Parganas region).
– Deccan riots: 1875 (agrarian riots in the Poona and Ahmednagar districts of Maharashtra).
– Tebhaga movement: 1946-1947 (peasant movement in Bengal).
– Kuka revolt (or Namdhari movement’s violent phase): 1872 (in Punjab).
Ordering the events by their starting years: Kol (1831) < Santhal (1855) < Kuka (1872) < Deccan (1875) < Tebhaga (1946). Option B correctly follows the sequence Kol, Santhal, Deccan.

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