Modern History of India

21. Gandhiji’s first great experiment in Satyagraha was at

Gandhiji’s first great experiment in Satyagraha was at

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Champaran.
Ahmedabad Mill Strike.
Kheda Satyagraha.
Satyagraha against Rowlatt Act.
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While Mahatma Gandhi had developed the technique of Satyagraha in South Africa, his first major application of it in India after his return in 1915 was the Champaran Satyagraha in 1917. He championed the cause of the indigo cultivators against the oppressive practices of the British planters.
– Satyagraha was first developed by Gandhi in South Africa.
– Champaran Satyagraha in 1917 was his first major use of Satyagraha in India.
– It was a movement against exploitative indigo cultivation practices.
The success of the Champaran Satyagraha established Gandhi as a leader in India and provided him with experience in mass mobilization and non-violent resistance on Indian soil. The Ahmedabad Mill Strike and Kheda Satyagraha followed in 1918.

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22. The first session of the Indian National Congress was presided over by

The first session of the Indian National Congress was presided over by

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A.O. Hume.
W.C. Bonnerjee.
Dadabhai Naoroji.
Surendranath Banerjee.
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The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in Bombay from 28th to 31st December 1885. The session was presided over by Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee (W.C. Bonnerjee), a prominent lawyer from Calcutta.
– The INC was founded in 1885.
– The first session took place in Bombay.
– W.C. Bonnerjee was elected as the president for the first session.
– A.O. Hume was the founder of the INC.
The first session was attended by 72 delegates from different parts of India. The initial aims of the INC included uniting Indians on a common political platform, discussing pressing social problems, and formulating demands for political reforms.

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23. Who among the following introduced the policy of ‘Doctrine of Lapse’ ?

Who among the following introduced the policy of ‘Doctrine of Lapse’ ?

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Lord Cornwallis
Lord Wellesley
Lord Hastings
Lord Dalhousie
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The policy of ‘Doctrine of Lapse’ was a controversial annexation policy widely implemented by Lord Dalhousie, who served as the Governor-General of British India from 1848 to 1856. According to this doctrine, if a princely state’s ruler died without a natural male heir, the state would be annexed by the British East India Company.
– The Doctrine of Lapse was a British annexation policy in India.
– It was primarily associated with Lord Dalhousie.
– States like Satara, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Nagpur, and Jhansi were annexed under this doctrine.
The doctrine was based on the principle that the right to rule lapsed to the paramount power (the British East India Company) in the absence of a natural heir. It caused significant resentment among Indian rulers and was one of the factors contributing to the Revolt of 1857.

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24. On whose advice did Gandhiji spend a year travelling around India in 1

On whose advice did Gandhiji spend a year travelling around India in 1915 – 16 ?

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Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Lala Lajpat Rai
G.K. Gokhale
B.C. Pal
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Upon his return to India from South Africa in 1915, Mahatma Gandhi was advised by his political guru, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, to spend a year traveling across India to understand the country and its people before engaging in active political life.
Gokhale’s advice was crucial for Gandhi, allowing him to connect with the diverse realities of India and build a base of understanding and support before launching major campaigns.
Gokhale founded the Servants of India Society and was a leading moderate voice in the Indian National Congress. Tilak, Lajpat Rai, and B.C. Pal were prominent nationalist leaders, part of the extremist faction (Lal-Bal-Pal), but Gokhale held the position of Gandhi’s political mentor.

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25. Who serialized the autobiography called Amar Katha between 1910 and 19

Who serialized the autobiography called Amar Katha between 1910 and 1931 ?

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Binodini Das
Girish Chandra Ghosh
Rabindranath Tagore
M.G. Ranade
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The autobiography titled ‘Amar Katha’ (My Story) was serialized between 1910 and 1931 by Binodini Das (also known as Binodini Dasi).
Binodini Dasi was a pioneering figure of the Bengali stage, one of the first actresses of Kolkata’s professional theatre. Her autobiography is a significant historical document detailing her life and the theatre world of that era.
Girish Chandra Ghosh was a playwright and mentor of Binodini Dasi. Rabindranath Tagore was a renowned poet, writer, and polymath. M.G. Ranade was a prominent social reformer and leader of the Indian National Congress.

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26. Who among the following was popularly called Danka Shah in the years 1

Who among the following was popularly called Danka Shah in the years 1856 – 57 ?

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Shah Mal
Ahmadullah Shah
Zahir Dehlvi
Ghulam Hussain
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Maulvi Ahmadullah Shah was popularly called ‘Danka Shah’ during the years 1856-57. He was a key figure in the Revolt of 1857, particularly in Awadh.
He earned the nickname ‘Danka Shah’ (meaning the king by beat of drum) because he moved around with a drum (danka) beating loudly, publicly preaching jihad against the British and mobilizing people for the revolt.
He was a trained soldier and preacher from Faizabad, respected by both Hindus and Muslims. He played a significant role in the fighting in Awadh and was one of the British’s most formidable opponents, with a bounty placed on his head. Shah Mal led the revolt in the Baghpat region. Zahir Dehlvi was a witness and chronicler of the revolt in Delhi. Ghulam Hussain was likely a historical figure but not prominently known by this nickname in the context of the 1857 revolt.

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27. During the revolt of 1857, who mobilised the headmen of Eighty Four Vi

During the revolt of 1857, who mobilised the headmen of Eighty Four Villages (chaurasee des) ?

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Maulvi Ahmadullah Shah
Shah Mal
Nana Sahib
Rao Tula Ram
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During the Revolt of 1857, Shah Mal, a local leader from the region of Baraut in Uttar Pradesh, mobilised the cultivators and headmen of eighty-four villages (chaurasee des) to rebel against the British.
Shah Mal organized a significant uprising in the Baghpat district (near Delhi), turning the pargana of Baraut into a strong base of resistance by mobilising local communities.
Maulvi Ahmadullah Shah was a prominent leader from Faizabad/Awadh. Nana Sahib led the revolt in Kanpur. Rao Tula Ram was a leader in Haryana. Shah Mal’s rebellion is notable for its reliance on local peasant support and traditional community structures.

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28. Who among the following in 1856 has taken the first detailed photograp

Who among the following in 1856 has taken the first detailed photographs of the archaeological remains at Hampi ?

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Colin Mackenzie
Alexander Greenlaw
John Marshall
J.F. Fleet
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Alexander Greenlaw, a British officer, is credited with taking the first detailed series of photographs of the archaeological remains at Hampi in 1856.
His albumen prints provide invaluable early visual documentation of the site before significant restoration or environmental changes occurred.
While Colin Mackenzie conducted the first comprehensive survey (producing maps and drawings) around 1800, Greenlaw’s work represents the dawn of photographic documentation at Hampi. John Marshall was a later Director-General of the ASI, involved in conservation in the early 20th century.

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29. Which of the following legislatures passed the Indian Independence Act

Which of the following legislatures passed the Indian Independence Act, 1947?

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The British Parliament
The Indian Parliament
The British-Indian Parliament
The Central Legislative Assembly
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The Indian Independence Act, 1947 was passed by the British Parliament. This Act was the legal instrument by which British rule in India was ended and the two independent dominions, India and Pakistan, were created.
The Act received Royal Assent on 18th July 1947. It effectively implemented the partition plan announced by Lord Mountbatten.
The Act provided for the termination of British sovereignty over India, the partition of British India into two dominions, the abolition of the office of Viceroy, and the transfer of power to the constituent assemblies of the two new dominions.

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30. Which one of the following Acts introduced ‘Dyarchy’ in the provinces?

Which one of the following Acts introduced ‘Dyarchy’ in the provinces?

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The Government of India Act, 1919
The Government of India Act, 1935
The Indian Councils Act, 1909
The Indian Independence Act, 1947
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The Government of India Act, 1919 (also known as the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms) introduced the system of ‘Dyarchy’ in the provinces.
Dyarchy involved dividing provincial subjects into two lists: ‘reserved’ subjects (administered by the Governor and his Executive Council without responsibility to the legislature) and ‘transferred’ subjects (administered by the Governor on the advice of ministers responsible to the legislative council).
The main aim of Dyarchy was to gradually introduce a responsible government in the provinces. However, it faced several difficulties in implementation and was eventually abolished by the Government of India Act, 1935, which introduced provincial autonomy.

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