Modern History of India

151. Who among the following founded the Dharma Sabha?

Who among the following founded the Dharma Sabha?

[amp_mcq option1=”Krishna Mohan Banerjee” option2=”Keshab Chandra Sen” option3=”Radhakanta Deb” option4=”Akshay Kumar Datta” correct=”option3″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2021
Download PDFAttempt Online
The correct answer is C) Radhakanta Deb.
– Radhakanta Deb founded the Dharma Sabha in 1830 in Calcutta.
– The Dharma Sabha was a conservative Hindu society that opposed the reform movements like the Brahmo Samaj, particularly Raja Ram Mohan Roy’s efforts to abolish Sati.
– It aimed to preserve orthodox Hindu practices and traditions against the perceived threat from Western influence and reformist ideas.
– Krishna Mohan Banerjee was associated with the Young Bengal movement and later converted to Christianity.
– Keshab Chandra Sen was a leader of the Brahmo Samaj after Debendranath Tagore.
– Akshay Kumar Datta was also a prominent figure in the Brahmo Samaj.

152. Initially, what was the purpose of setting up of the hill stations dur

Initially, what was the purpose of setting up of the hill stations during the colonial period in India?

[amp_mcq option1=”To serve as winter capitals for the British” option2=”To serve the needs of the British army” option3=”To source timber from forests” option4=”To set up sanatoria” correct=”option4″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2021
Download PDFAttempt Online
The correct answer is D) To set up sanatoria.
– During the colonial period, British officials and soldiers in India faced health challenges due to the tropical climate and diseases prevalent in the plains.
– Hill stations, with their cooler climates, were initially developed as sanatoria and health resorts where personnel could recuperate and escape the unhealthy conditions of the plains during the summer months.
– While they later evolved to serve various administrative, military, and recreational purposes, the primary *initial* purpose was related to health and well-being (sanatoria).
– Option A is incorrect; hill stations typically served as summer capitals (e.g., Simla for the Government of India), not winter capitals.
– Option B, serving the needs of the British army, is too broad, though sanatoria for military personnel were a significant part of this. Option D is more specific to the initial health-related purpose.
– Option C, sourcing timber, was an economic activity but not the primary reason for establishing hill stations themselves.

153. Consider the following statements : The growth of socialist tendency

Consider the following statements :

  • The growth of socialist tendency in the national movement led to the foundation of the Congress Socialist Party in 1934 under the leadership of Acharya Narendra Deva and Jayaprakash Narayan.
  • In 1936, Jawaharlal Nehru urged the Congress to accept socialism as its goal and to bring itself closer to the peasantry and the working class.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”2 only” option3=”Both 1 and 2″ option4=”Neither 1 nor 2″ correct=”option3″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2021
Download PDFAttempt Online
The correct answer is C) Both 1 and 2.
– Statement 1 is correct. The Congress Socialist Party (CSP) was founded in 1934 by prominent leaders like Acharya Narendra Deva, Jayaprakash Narayan, Minoo Masani, and S.M. Joshi, advocating for socialist ideas within the Indian National Congress.
– Statement 2 is correct. Jawaharlal Nehru had strong socialist convictions. He was a staunch advocate of socialism and used his platform, including his presidential addresses at Congress sessions (like the Lucknow session in 1936), to urge the Congress to embrace socialist goals and connect with the masses, particularly the peasants and workers.
– The CSP aimed to push the Congress towards more radical, pro-poor, and anti-imperialist policies.
– Nehru’s vision of socialism was influenced by Fabianism and Marxism, advocating for state control over key industries and a planned economy for poverty eradication and social justice.

154. Consider the following quote: “On the 26th January, 1950, we are going

Consider the following quote:
“On the 26th January, 1950, we are going to enter a life of contradictions. In politics we will have equality and in social and economic life we will have inequality.”
To whom among the following leaders is this quote attributed?

[amp_mcq option1=”Mahatma Gandhi” option2=”Sarojini Naidu” option3=”B. R. Ambedkar” option4=”Somnath Lahiri” correct=”option3″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2021
Download PDFAttempt Online
This famous quote is attributed to Dr. B. R. Ambedkar. It is from his concluding speech in the Constituent Assembly on November 25, 1949, delivered just a day before the Constitution was adopted. He spoke about the challenges India would face after becoming a republic, highlighting the contradiction of having political equality (one person, one vote) while persistent social and economic inequalities existed.
– The quote reflects on the inherent contradictions in Indian society at the dawn of the Republic.
– It contrasts political equality bestowed by the Constitution with existing social and economic disparities.
– The quote is from B.R. Ambedkar’s speech in the Constituent Assembly.
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution and is widely regarded as the chief architect of the Constitution. His speeches in the Constituent Assembly provide deep insights into the philosophy and objectives behind the constitutional provisions.

155. Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched? 1. Permanen

Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?

1. Permanent Settlement:Lord Cornwallis
2. Ryotwari Settlement:Thomas Munro
3. Mahalwari Settlement:Holt Mackenzie

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”1 and 2 only” option3=”2 and 3 only” option4=”1, 2 and 3″ correct=”option4″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2021
Download PDFAttempt Online
Pair 1 is correctly matched: The Permanent Settlement (also known as the Zamindari system) was introduced in Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha by Lord Cornwallis in 1793.
Pair 2 is correctly matched: The Ryotwari Settlement was introduced by Captain Alexander Read in some areas of Madras Presidency in 1792, and later developed and widely implemented by Thomas Munro from 1820.
Pair 3 is correctly matched: The Mahalwari Settlement was devised by Holt Mackenzie in 1822 and introduced in parts of North-Western Provinces (later Uttar Pradesh), Central India, and Punjab.
– Permanent Settlement: Zamindars were recognized as owners of land and responsible for collecting revenue; fixed revenue.
– Ryotwari Settlement: Revenue collected directly from the cultivators (ryots); revenue rates were periodically revised.
– Mahalwari Settlement: Revenue collected from villages (mahals) collectively; revenue was periodically revised.

156. Who among the following warned his colleagues that the Constituent Ass

Who among the following warned his colleagues that the Constituent Assembly was British made and was “working the British plan as the British should like it to be worked out”?

[amp_mcq option1=”Somnath Lahiri” option2=”B. R. Ambedkar” option3=”Shyama Prasad Mukherjee” option4=”B. N. Rau” correct=”option1″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2021
Download PDFAttempt Online
The correct answer is A) Somnath Lahiri.
During the Constituent Assembly debates, Somnath Lahiri, a Communist member, expressed significant reservations about the nature and origins of the Assembly. He argued that the Assembly had been formed under the aegis of the British Cabinet Mission Plan and that the British government retained a significant degree of control over its functioning. He famously stated that the Assembly was “working the British plan as the British should like it to be worked out,” implying that it was not truly a sovereign body acting solely in the interests of the Indian people.
Other options are incorrect because B. R. Ambedkar was a key architect of the Constitution and Chairman of the Drafting Committee, thus unlikely to make such a fundamental critique of the Assembly’s legitimacy. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee represented a nationalist perspective but was not the source of this specific criticism regarding British influence on the Assembly’s core functioning. B. N. Rau was the Constitutional Advisor and played a technical role, not a political one involving such criticism.

157. The British Committee of the Indian National Congress was founded in

The British Committee of the Indian National Congress was founded in

[amp_mcq option1=”1889″ option2=”1892″ option3=”1898″ option4=”1901″ correct=”option1″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2020
Download PDFAttempt Online
The British Committee of the Indian National Congress was founded in 1889.
The British Committee of the INC was established in London to represent the Congress’s views and objectives to the British public and Parliament.
Key figures involved in its establishment included Dadabhai Naoroji, William Wedderburn, and George Yule. The Committee published a weekly journal called *India* starting from 1890 to disseminate information about the Indian situation and the Congress’s demands.

158. Which one of the following is NOT correct about Mahatma Gandhi’s Dandi

Which one of the following is NOT correct about Mahatma Gandhi’s Dandi Yatra or Salt March ?

[amp_mcq option1=”It was the first national activity in which women participated in large numbers” option2=”Gandhiji allowed the women’s participation at the request of Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay” option3=”The march was fully covered by the Western press” option4=”The march began after the failure of the First Round Table Confer-ence in London” correct=”option4″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2020
Download PDFAttempt Online
The statement “The march began after the failure of the First Round Table Conference in London” is NOT correct. The Dandi March (Salt March) began on March 12, 1930, launching the Civil Disobedience Movement. The First Round Table Conference was held later, from November 1930 to January 1931. The Civil Disobedience Movement was initiated before the conference.
The Dandi March was a key event in 1930 that marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement, separate from the timing of the First Round Table Conference.
The Dandi March was indeed the first major national movement with widespread and visible participation of women. Gandhiji initially hesitated but included women at the persuasion of leaders like Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay. The march garnered significant international attention, with extensive coverage by the Western press.

159. Which of the following statements is/are correct ? 1. Paramahansa Ma

Which of the following statements is/are correct ?

  • 1. Paramahansa Mandali was founded in Bengal by Swami Vivekananda
  • 2. Prarthana Samaj was started in Maharashtra with the aim of reforming Hindu religious thought and practice

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”2 only” option3=”Both 1 and 2″ option4=”Neither 1 nor 2″ correct=”option2″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2020
Download PDFAttempt Online
Statement 1 is incorrect because Paramahansa Mandali was founded in Maharashtra (Bombay) in the 1840s, primarily by Durgaram Mehtaji, Dadoba Pandurang, and others, predating Swami Vivekananda. Swami Vivekananda founded the Ramakrishna Mission. Statement 2 is correct because the Prarthana Samaj was founded in Bombay (Maharashtra) in 1867 with objectives similar to Brahmo Samaj but focusing on devotional worship and social reform within Hinduism, aiming to reform Hindu religious thought and practice.
Paramahansa Mandali and Prarthana Samaj were significant reform movements in 19th-century Maharashtra, advocating against caste distinctions and idolatry.
Paramahansa Mandali was a secret society advocating for the breaking of caste rules. Prarthana Samaj, founded by Atmaram Pandurang, M.G. Ranade, R.G. Bhandarkar, and N.G. Chandavarkar, sought to reform Hindu religious practices and social customs, emphasizing monotheism and social service.

160. Consider the following statements about the Treaty of Amritsar (1809):

Consider the following statements about the Treaty of Amritsar (1809):

  • 1. The Treaty fixed the Sutlej as the boundary between the Punjab and British India
  • 2. It was after this treaty that Maharaja Ranjit Singh was able to annex Jammu, Multan and Kashmir to his domains

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”2 only” option3=”Both 1 and 2″ option4=”Neither 1 nor 2″ correct=”option3″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2020
Download PDFAttempt Online
Statement 1 is correct because the Treaty of Amritsar (1809) fixed the River Sutlej as the boundary between Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s Sikh kingdom and British India. Statement 2 is correct because by securing his southern border with the British through this treaty, Ranjit Singh was free to expand his kingdom northwards and westwards, leading to the annexation of territories like Multan (1818), Kashmir (1819), and parts of Jammu (though full control was consolidated over time).
The Treaty of Amritsar (1809) was a significant agreement between Maharaja Ranjit Singh and the British East India Company that defined their respective spheres of influence along the Sutlej River. It allowed Ranjit Singh to consolidate and expand his power north of the river.
The treaty was necessitated by Ranjit Singh’s attempts to bring the Sikh chiefs south of the Sutlej under his control, which was viewed with apprehension by the British. Charles T. Metcalfe was sent to negotiate the treaty. The treaty prevented Ranjit Singh’s further expansion south of the Sutlej but gave him a free hand north of it, which he effectively utilized to build a vast Sikh empire.
Page 1Page 2Page 3Page 4Page 5