Modern History: Miscellaneous

31. Which of the following pairs are correctly matched? 1. Jamnalal Bajaj

Which of the following pairs are correctly matched?
1. Jamnalal Bajaj : Satyagraha Ashram
2. Dadabhai Naoroji : Bombay Association
3. Syed Ahmed Khan : MAO College
4. Lala Lajpat Rai : Anusilan Samiti
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

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1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
3 and 4 only
1, 2 and 3
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The correct answer is D because pairs 1, 2, and 3 are correctly matched.
– Jamnalal Bajaj was a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi and founded the Satyagraha Ashram at Wardha, which was functionally linked to the Sabarmati Ashram.
– Dadabhai Naoroji was one of the founders of the Bombay Association in 1852, one of the early political associations in India.
– Sir Syed Ahmed Khan founded the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College in Aligarh in 1875, which later developed into the Aligarh Muslim University.
– Lala Lajpat Rai was a prominent nationalist leader associated with the Arya Samaj, the Indian National Congress (Extremist faction), and the Punjab National Bank. The Anushilan Samiti was a revolutionary organization based primarily in Bengal.
The Bombay Association was the first political association in the Bombay Presidency. The Anushilan Samiti was one of the most prominent revolutionary groups operating in the early 20th century, known for its militant activities against British rule.

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32. Which of the following is NOT a part of the five principles enshrined

Which of the following is NOT a part of the five principles enshrined in the ‘Panchsheel’ agreement signed by India and China in 1954 ?

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Mutual non-aggression
Mutual non-interference
Peaceful coexistence
Cultural cooperation
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The correct answer is Cultural cooperation.
The ‘Panchsheel’ or Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence were enunciated in the Preamble to the Agreement on Trade and Intercourse between the Tibet region of China and India, signed on April 29, 1954. The five principles are: 1. Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity and sovereignty; 2. Mutual non-aggression; 3. Mutual non-interference in each other’s internal affairs; 4. Equality and mutual benefit; and 5. Peaceful coexistence. Cultural cooperation was not one of the original five principles.
The Panchsheel principles became the foundation of the Non-Aligned Movement and were widely adopted in international relations during the Cold War era as a way for newly independent nations to promote peace and cooperation based on mutual respect and non-interference.

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33. Acharya Vinoba Bhave received the first donation of land under the Bho

Acharya Vinoba Bhave received the first donation of land under the Bhoodan Movement at

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Ramgarh
Garhwa
Hyderabad
Pochampally
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The correct answer is D) Pochampally.
The Bhoodan Movement, which aimed at persuading wealthy landowners to voluntarily donate land to the landless poor, was initiated by Acharya Vinoba Bhave in 1951 in the village of Pochampally.
Acharya Vinoba Bhave started the Bhoodan (Land Gift) Movement on April 18, 1951, at Pochampally village in the Nalgonda district of Telangana (then part of Hyderabad State). The first land donation was made by a local landlord, Vedire Ramachandra Reddy. This event marked the beginning of a significant voluntary land reform movement in India.

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34. Consider the following statements about the Linguistic Reorganization

Consider the following statements about the Linguistic Reorganization of the States :

  • 1. Gandhiji, in 1948, had argued for the reorganization of provinces on a linguistic basis
  • 2. The Constituent Assembly recommended it to be incorporated in the Constitution of India

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

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1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
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The correct answer is D) Neither 1 nor 2.
Both statements are incorrect regarding the historical facts surrounding the linguistic reorganization of states in India. Gandhiji’s stance in 1948, particularly after Partition, was marked by caution regarding linguistic reorganization of states, despite the Congress party’s earlier commitment to the principle for its own organizational structure. The Constituent Assembly also did not recommend incorporating linguistic reorganization into the Constitution as a mandate.
1. While the Indian National Congress, influenced by Gandhiji, had adopted the principle of linguistic provinces for its own administrative divisions much earlier (e.g., 1920), the stance of national leaders, including Nehru, Patel, and likely reflecting Gandhi’s concerns, immediately after independence (1947-48) was cautious due to the challenges of integrating princely states and dealing with the aftermath of Partition. The Dhar Commission (1948) and the JVP Committee (1948-49) both initially recommended against immediate linguistic reorganization on grounds of national unity and administrative efficiency. Therefore, stating that Gandhiji “argued for” it in 1948 as a policy for state reorganization is not accurate in the context of the prevailing official attitude and his own likely reservations post-Partition.
2. The Constituent Assembly debated the issue but did not include a specific recommendation for linguistic reorganization as a constitutional principle. The Constitution of India, as adopted in 1950, did not mandate states reorganization on linguistic lines. The authority for reorganizing states was vested in the Parliament (Article 3). The actual comprehensive linguistic reorganization of states was largely carried out based on the recommendations of the States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) formed in 1953, leading to the States Reorganisation Act of 1956.

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35. Consider the following statements with reference to the Bhoodan Moveme

Consider the following statements with reference to the Bhoodan Movement:

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  • 1. Vinoba Bhave organized ‘The Sarvodaya Samaj’ to take up the work of non-violent transformation in India
  • 2. Jayaprakash Narayan withdrew from active politics to join the Bhoodan Movement in 1953
  • 3. In the wake of the Bhoodan Movement the first donation of land was made in the village of Pochampalli in Telangana

How many of the statements given above is/are correct ?

1
2
3
None
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The correct answer is B, meaning two of the given statements are correct.
Statement 1 is correct. Vinoba Bhave established the Sarvodaya Samaj to promote non-violent social and economic transformation, including through movements like Bhoodan.
Statement 2 is incorrect. Jayaprakash Narayan withdrew from active party politics in 1954 (not 1953) to dedicate himself to the Sarvodaya movement, which encompassed Bhoodan.
Statement 3 is correct. The Bhoodan Movement originated in the village of Pochampalli, then in Andhra Pradesh (now in Telangana), where Vinoba Bhave received the first land donation.
The Bhoodan Movement (Land Gift Movement) was a voluntary land reform movement in India started by Vinoba Bhave in 1951. Its goal was to persuade wealthy landowners to voluntarily donate a portion of their land to be redistributed among the landless poor. The movement later evolved into the Gramdan movement, focusing on collective ownership of villages.

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36. Who among the following initiated the Bhoodan Movement?

Who among the following initiated the Bhoodan Movement?

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Ram Prasad Bismil
Vinoba Bhave
Mahatma Gandhi
Kanhu Murmu
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The correct answer is B) Vinoba Bhave.
Acharya Vinoba Bhave initiated the Bhoodan Movement (Land Gift Movement) in 1951 in Pochampally, Telangana. This voluntary movement aimed to persuade wealthy landowners to voluntarily donate a part of their land to landless people.
Vinoba Bhave was a disciple of Mahatma Gandhi and continued Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violence and social reform. The Bhoodan movement later evolved into the Gramdan movement, where entire villages were donated. While inspired by Gandhian ideals, the movement was directly initiated and led by Vinoba Bhave.

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37. Consider the following historical events : Gandhi-Irwin Pact Second

Consider the following historical events :

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  1. Gandhi-Irwin Pact
  2. Second Round Table Conference
  3. Peasant Movement in Bardoli
  4. Peasant Movement in Kheda

Which one of the following is the correct chronological order (starting from the earliest) of the above events?

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4-1-3-2
4-3-1-2
3-1-2-4
1-2-4-3
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The correct chronological order of the events is 4-3-1-2.
The timeline of the events is as follows:
1. Peasant Movement in Kheda: 1918
2. Peasant Movement in Bardoli: 1928
3. Gandhi-Irwin Pact: March 5, 1931
4. Second Round Table Conference: September – December 1931
Arranging them from earliest to latest gives: Kheda (4), Bardoli (3), Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1), Second Round Table Conference (2).
The Kheda Satyagraha was one of Gandhi’s early movements in India, following the Champaran Satyagraha. The Bardoli Satyagraha was a major peasant movement led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel against excessive taxation. The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was a political agreement between Mahatma Gandhi and Lord Irwin before the Second Round Table Conference, which Gandhi attended as the sole representative of the Indian National Congress.

38. Which one of the following statements about Jaipal Singh is NOT correc

Which one of the following statements about Jaipal Singh is NOT correct ?

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He was a member of the Constituent Assembly
He founded the Adivasi Maha Sabha
He was the captain of the first Indian national hockey team
He campaigned for a separate state of Chhattisgarh
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The correct option is (D) He campaigned for a separate state of Chhattisgarh.
Jaipal Singh Munda was a prominent tribal leader who campaigned for the rights of the tribal people and advocated for a separate state primarily consisting of tribal areas in Bihar and adjoining regions, which later came to be known as Jharkhand. He did not campaign for Chhattisgarh.
Jaipal Singh Munda was a member of the Constituent Assembly, representing the tribal population. He founded the Adivasi Maha Sabha in 1939, which was later reformed into the Jharkhand Party. He is also historically significant as the captain of the Indian hockey team that won the gold medal at the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics, which was India’s first Olympic gold in hockey.

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39. Consider the following movements : 1. Moplah Rebellion 2. Bardoli S

Consider the following movements :

  • 1. Moplah Rebellion
  • 2. Bardoli Satyagraha
  • 3. Champaran Satyagraha
  • 4. Salt Satyagraha

Which one of the following is the correct chronological order of the above in ascending order ?

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1-3-4-2
3-1-2-4
2-3-1-4
4-2-1-3
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The correct chronological order is 3-1-2-4.
The chronological order of the movements is:
1. Champaran Satyagraha: 1917
2. Moplah Rebellion: 1921
3. Bardoli Satyagraha: 1928
4. Salt Satyagraha (Dandi March): 1930
The Champaran Satyagraha in 1917 was Gandhi’s first major Satyagraha in India. The Moplah Rebellion of 1921 was a peasant revolt in Kerala. The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928 was a peasant movement led by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. The Salt Satyagraha in 1930 was a major civil disobedience movement against the British salt tax, led by Mahatma Gandhi.

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40. Who among the following was the founder of the Avadh Kingdom in the 18

Who among the following was the founder of the Avadh Kingdom in the 18th century ?

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Murshid Quli Khan
Saadat Khan
Alivardi Khan
Sarfaraz Khan
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Saadat Khan, also known as Burhan-ul-Mulk, was the founder of the independent principality of Avadh in the 18th century.
He was appointed the Subahdar (governor) of Avadh in 1722 and gradually asserted his independence from the weakening Mughal Empire, though he maintained nominal allegiance.
Murshid Quli Khan was the founder of the autonomous state of Bengal. Alivardi Khan and Sarfaraz Khan were also significant rulers of Bengal in the 18th century.

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