Mineral Resources

11. Which of the following main types of iron ores are found in India? 1

Which of the following main types of iron ores are found in India?

1. Haematite

2. Magnetite

3. Limonite

4. Siderite

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

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1 and 2 only
2 and 4 only
1, 2 and 4
1 and 3
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2021
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The correct answer is (A) 1 and 2 only.
India possesses significant reserves of iron ore, primarily consisting of Haematite and Magnetite. Haematite is the most important iron ore in terms of quantity found in India, mainly in states like Odisha, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Karnataka. Magnetite is another important type, known for its high iron content, found in states like Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Tamil Nadu. While Limonite and Siderite are also types of iron ore, their occurrence as economically viable and main types of deposits in India is less significant compared to Haematite and Magnetite.
Haematite is typically found in the Archaean system and Dharwarian formations. Magnetite ores are mainly found in the metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Dharwar and Cuddapah systems. India is one of the leading producers of iron ore globally.

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12. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists :

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List I
(Mineral)		List II
(Mine)
A. Zinc1. Amjhore
B. Gold2. Sukinda
C. Chromite3. Zawar
D. Pyrite4. Hutti

Code :

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1 2 4 3
3 2 4 1
3 4 2 1
1 4 2 3
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2017
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Matching List I (Mineral) with List II (Mine):
A. Zinc: Zawar mines are a major site for zinc mining in Rajasthan. (A-3)
B. Gold: Hutti mines in Karnataka are well-known gold mines. (B-4)
C. Chromite: Sukinda Valley in Odisha is the largest chromite producing area in India. (C-2)
D. Pyrite: Amjhore in Bihar (now Jharkhand) was historically known for pyrite deposits and mining. (D-1)
The correct match is A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1.
Knowledge of important mineral deposits and associated mining locations in India.
Other important mineral mining areas in India include Kolar Gold Fields (KGF – historically significant for gold, but production is minimal now), Khetri for Copper, Singareni for Coal, Iron ore belts in Odisha, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka.

13. Consider the following statements relating to salt production in India

Consider the following statements relating to salt production in India :

  • 1. India is the second largest producer of iodised salt in the world next only to China
  • 2. Salt mining is carried out in Himachal Pradesh
  • 3. Gujarat is the leading producer of salt in India
  • 4. Ground water is the important source of salt in Rajasthan

Which of the statements given above are correct ?

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1 and 2 only
3 and 4 only
1, 2 and 3
2, 3 and 4
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2016
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Statements 2, 3, and 4 are correct. Statement 1 is likely incorrect or requires specific data context not universally agreed upon, given the options provided.
1. India is the second largest producer of iodised salt in the world next only to China: While India is a significant global salt producer (typically ranked 3rd overall) and has a large iodisation program, definitively stating it is the *second largest producer of iodised salt* after China lacks widespread confirmation across various international sources, making its correctness debatable.
2. Salt mining is carried out in Himachal Pradesh: Yes, rock salt deposits are mined in the Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh (e.g., Drang and Guma mines). This statement is correct.
3. Gujarat is the leading producer of salt in India: Yes, Gujarat is the largest salt-producing state in India, contributing over 75% of the country’s total production, mainly from seawater evaporation along its coastline. This statement is correct.
4. Ground water is the important source of salt in Rajasthan: Yes, inland salt lakes like Sambhar Lake and sub-soil brine wells, which are fed by saline groundwater, are major sources of salt production in Rajasthan. This statement is correct.
Salt production in India comes from various sources: seawater, inland lakes, sub-soil brine, and rock salt deposits. Mandatory iodisation is in place for edible salt in India to address iodine deficiency.

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14. Which one among the following States is the leading producer of salt i

Which one among the following States is the leading producer of salt in India ?

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Rajasthan
Gujarat
Tamil Nadu
Andhra Pradesh
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2015
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The correct answer is Gujarat. Gujarat is the largest producer of salt in India, contributing a significant percentage of the country’s total salt production.
Salt production in India heavily relies on coastal areas and inland lakes/salt pans. Gujarat’s long coastline and salt-rich areas like the Rann of Kutch make it ideal for salt production, primarily through evaporation of seawater.
Other major salt-producing states in India include Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan (from Sambhar Lake), and Andhra Pradesh. However, Gujarat consistently leads in production volume. India is also one of the largest salt producers globally.

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15. Which one among the following States is the leading producer of petrol

Which one among the following States is the leading producer of petroleum (crude) in India ?

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Assam
Gujarat
Maharashtra
Andhra Pradesh
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2015
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In India, crude petroleum production comes from both offshore and onshore fields. The largest single producing region is the offshore Mumbai High field, located in the Arabian Sea. The state associated with this major offshore production is Maharashtra. While states like Assam (Digboi, Naharkatiya), Gujarat (Ankleshwar, Kalol), and Rajasthan (Barmer) have significant onshore production, offshore fields, primarily Mumbai High, contribute the largest share to India’s crude oil output. Therefore, Maharashtra is typically the leading producer among the given options.
India’s major crude oil production areas include Assam (oldest), Gujarat, Rajasthan (major recent discoveries), Andhra Pradesh (onshore and offshore Krishna-Godavari basin), and significant offshore fields like Mumbai High (Arabian Sea) and Bassein.
Mumbai High field, operated by ONGC, is the backbone of India’s domestic crude oil production. Although onshore production is distributed across several states, the volume from offshore fields, accounted under the nearest state (Maharashtra), often makes it the top producer state-wise when considering total production. Rajasthan has emerged as a major onshore producer in recent decades. Production figures can fluctuate year to year, but historically and generally, Maharashtra leads due to Mumbai High.

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16. Consider the following statements: 1. The Damuda series of rock syst

Consider the following statements:

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  • 1. The Damuda series of rock system contain all the metallurgical coal in India.
  • 2. Tamil Nadu is the chief producer of lignite coal in India.
  • 3. Tertiary coal is mainly confined to the peninsular India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

1 only
2 and 3 only
1 and 2 only
1, 2 and 3
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2009
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Based on the typical understanding and the options provided, the correct option is C (1 and 2 only).
– Statement 1: “The Damuda series of rock system contain all the metallurgical coal in India.” The Damuda series, part of the Gondwana system, holds the vast majority of India’s metallurgical (coking) coal reserves, found primarily in the Damodar Valley (Jharkhand, West Bengal). While the statement uses the strong word “all”, in the context of major deposits and typical UPSC phrasing focusing on primary sources, it is often treated as correct in contrast to other clearly incorrect statements about coal distribution.
– Statement 2 is correct: Tamil Nadu is the largest producer of lignite coal in India, primarily from the Neyveli field.
– Statement 3 is incorrect: Tertiary coal deposits in India are mainly found in the northeastern states (Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland), Jammu & Kashmir, and also in parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu. It is *not* mainly confined to peninsular India; Gondwana coal is mainly confined to peninsular India.
– Therefore, assuming Statement 1 is accepted as essentially correct in this context (meaning containing the overwhelming majority), and Statement 2 is correct, while Statement 3 is incorrect, the combination “1 and 2 only” is the correct option.
Indian coal is broadly classified into two geological ages: Gondwana coal (about 250 million years old), found in peninsular India (major fields: Damodar Valley, Mahanadi, Godavari, Son, Wardha rivers), which is high grade bituminous coal including metallurgical coal; and Tertiary coal (about 15-60 million years old), found mostly in non-peninsular regions (NE India, J&K) and some coastal peninsular areas (Gujarat, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu), which includes lignite and sub-bituminous coal.

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17. Which one among the following pairs of mine and mineral is NOT correct

Which one among the following pairs of mine and mineral is NOT correctly matched ?

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Bailadila : Iron Ore
Zawar : Zinc
Ghatsila : Copper
Kudremukh : Bauxite
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-2 – 2023
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Kudremukh in Karnataka is historically famous for its large deposits and mining of Iron Ore, not Bauxite. Bauxite is the principal ore of Aluminium and is commonly found in regions like Odisha, Gujarat, Maharashtra, etc., often in laterite soils. Bailadila is a major Iron Ore mining region in Chhattisgarh. Zawar mines in Rajasthan are known for Zinc and Lead. Ghatsila in Jharkhand is a significant copper mining and smelting center.
Kudremukh was primarily an iron ore mining area.
Kudremukh iron ore mining operations were significant for exports, particularly to Japan. The mine was eventually closed due to environmental concerns and depletion of economically viable reserves.

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18. Which one of the following coalfields is not located in Jharkhand ?

Which one of the following coalfields is not located in Jharkhand ?

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Jharia
Ramgarh
Deogarh
Umaria
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-2 – 2021
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Jharkhand is a state rich in mineral resources, particularly coal. Major coalfields located in Jharkhand include Jharia, Bokaro, Ramgarh, Karanpura, Giridih, Daltonganj, etc.
Checking the options:
– Jharia is a major coalfield located in Dhanbad district, Jharkhand.
– Ramgarh is a coalfield located in Ramgarh district, Jharkhand.
– Deogarh district in Jharkhand is part of the Rajmahal Hills coal region, although “Deogarh coalfield” as a specific major field is less commonly listed compared to Jharia or Ramgarh. However, coal is found in the Deogarh-Rajmahal belt.
– Umaria is a town and district in Madhya Pradesh, which has a notable coalfield known as Umaria Coalfield, part of the larger Sohagpur basin.
Thus, Umaria coalfield is not located in Jharkhand.
– Jharkhand is the largest coal-producing state in India.
– Major coalfields in Jharkhand are Jharia, Bokaro, Ramgarh, Karanpura, etc.
– Umaria is a coalfield located in Madhya Pradesh.
Other significant coal-producing states in India include Odisha, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, and Madhya Pradesh. Knowledge of the location of major mineral deposits is important for geography and economic studies.

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19. Which part of India has the Kalakot tertiary coal field ?

Which part of India has the Kalakot tertiary coal field ?

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Brahmaputra river basin of Assam
Damodar river basin of Jharkhand and West Bengal
Himalayan mountain region
Cardamom hills in Kerala
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-2 – 2017
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The correct answer is C) Himalayan mountain region.
The Kalakot tertiary coal field is located in the Rajouri district of Jammu and Kashmir, which is part of the Himalayan mountain region.
India has two main types of coal deposits: Gondwana coal (older, mainly in Damodar, Mahanadi, Godavari basins) and Tertiary coal (younger, mainly in Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, and Jammu & Kashmir). The Kalakot field is one of the significant tertiary coal fields in India, found within the geologically young Himalayan belt.

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20. Which one among the following places is not an iron-ore mining area?

Which one among the following places is not an iron-ore mining area?

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Badampahar
Zawar
Bailadila
Anantpur
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-2 – 2015
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Zawar is a historically significant mining area located in Rajasthan, primarily known for its lead and zinc mines, particularly the Rampura Agucha mine which is a major zinc deposit. While other minerals may be present, Zawar is not primarily recognized as an iron-ore mining area. Badampahar in Odisha and Bailadila in Chhattisgarh are major iron-ore mining regions in India. Anantapur district in Andhra Pradesh also has known iron ore deposits.
Knowledge of the principal mineral resources associated with specific mining locations in India is required.
Bailadila is one of the largest iron ore deposits in the world, known for high-grade haematite ore. Badampahar was one of the first iron ore mines in India. Zawar has been mined for zinc since ancient times.

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