Longitude

1. If it is 31st December, 2023 in New Zealand, at the same time what wil

If it is 31st December, 2023 in New Zealand, at the same time what will be the date in the Hawaiian Islands and Alaska ?

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Both have 01 January, 2024
Both have 30 December, 2023
31 December, 2023 in Alaska and 01 January, 2024 Hawaiian Islands
31 December, 2023 in Hawaiian Islands and 01 January, 2024 in Alaska
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UPSC CAPF – 2024
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Both Hawaiian Islands and Alaska will have 30 December, 2023.
The International Date Line (IDL) is located in the Pacific Ocean. New Zealand is west of the IDL, while Hawaii and Alaska are east of the IDL. When travelling eastward across the IDL, one goes back a calendar day. Since New Zealand is ahead in time/date, locations to its east across the IDL will be on the previous day. Considering time zones, New Zealand is significantly ahead (e.g., UTC+12/13), while Hawaii (UTC-10) and parts of Alaska (UTC-9/8) are significantly behind UTC. The large difference in time zones confirms that they would be on the previous day.
New Zealand time zones are roughly 22-23 hours ahead of Hawaii and Alaska time zones depending on the exact locations and daylight saving times. This means that when it is, for instance, noon on Dec 31st in New Zealand, it is early afternoon or evening on Dec 30th in Hawaii and Alaska.

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2. Perth located on 118° East Longitude will be celebrating New Year even

Perth located on 118° East Longitude will be celebrating New Year event on 1st of January 2017 at 6:00 AM. At that time, what would be the time at Los Angeles located on 110° West Longitude ?

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9:12 PM of 1<sup>st</sup> January 2017
2:48 PM of 31<sup>st</sup> December 2016
11:40 PM of 31<sup>st</sup> December 2016
5:28 AM of 1<sup>st</sup> January 2017
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2016
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The correct answer is B) 2:48 PM of 31st December 2016.
– Longitude of Perth = 118° East.
– Longitude of Los Angeles = 110° West.
– The total difference in longitude = 118° (East) + 110° (West) = 228°.
– The Earth rotates 360° in 24 hours.
– The time difference for 1° longitude = 24 hours / 360° = 1/15 hours = 4 minutes.
– The total time difference between Perth and Los Angeles = 228° * 4 minutes/° = 912 minutes.
– Convert minutes to hours: 912 minutes / 60 minutes/hour = 15 hours and 12 minutes (912 = 15 * 60 + 12).
– Perth is located in the East, so its time is ahead of Los Angeles, which is in the West.
– Time at Los Angeles = Time at Perth – Time difference.
– Time at Perth = 6:00 AM on 1st January 2017.
– Subtract 15 hours 12 minutes from 6:00 AM, 1st January 2017.
– Subtracting 6 hours from 6:00 AM Jan 1st gives 0:00 AM (midnight) on Jan 1st.
– We need to subtract another 15h 12m – 6h = 9h 12m.
– Subtracting 9 hours from 0:00 AM Jan 1st gives 15:00 (3:00 PM) on 31st December 2016.
– Subtracting the final 12 minutes from 3:00 PM Dec 31st gives 14:48 PM (2:48 PM) on 31st December 2016.
The International Date Line is located roughly around 180° longitude. Moving west across the International Date Line means going back one day. The total longitudinal difference of 228° is less than 180° in either direction from the prime meridian, but crossing the 0° longitude is involved. Perth (118°E) and Los Angeles (110°W) are on opposite sides of the prime meridian, and their difference is calculated by summing their longitudes. Since Perth is East of Los Angeles, its time is ahead, and the date can be different. In this case, going back 15 hours 12 minutes from Jan 1st in Perth takes us back into Dec 31st in Los Angeles.

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3. Which one of the following countries has the maximum time difference f

Which one of the following countries has the maximum time difference from Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) ?

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India
Nepal
Sri Lanka
Bhutan
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-2 – 2021
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The standard time differences from Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) for the given countries are:
– India: UTC+5:30
– Nepal: UTC+5:45
– Sri Lanka: UTC+5:30
– Bhutan: UTC+6:00
Bhutan (UTC+6:00) has the maximum time difference of 6 hours from GMT (UTC+0:00) among the given options.
– Standard Time is defined relative to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), which is practically the same as GMT.
– Each country has a specific offset from UTC.
India’s standard time (IST) is 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of GMT. Nepal’s standard time (NPT) is 5 hours and 45 minutes ahead of GMT. Sri Lanka’s standard time (SLST) is 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of GMT. Bhutan’s standard time (BTT) is 6 hours ahead of GMT.

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4. If it is 12 noon in New Delhi, what will be the time in London, UK ?

If it is 12 noon in New Delhi, what will be the time in London, UK ?

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6:30 A.M.
6:30 P.M.
5:30 A.M.
5:30 P.M.
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2023
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The correct answer is A) 6:30 A.M.
New Delhi, India observes Indian Standard Time (IST), which is UTC+5:30. London, UK primarily observes Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) or Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), which is UTC+0. During parts of the year, the UK observes British Summer Time (BST), which is UTC+1. Assuming the question refers to the standard time difference (UTC vs UTC+5:30), New Delhi is 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of London. To find the time in London, subtract 5 hours and 30 minutes from the time in New Delhi. If it is 12:00 noon in New Delhi, subtracting 5 hours gives 07:00, and subtracting another 30 minutes gives 06:30.
The calculation is: 12:00 (New Delhi time) – 5 hours 30 minutes (time difference) = 06:30. Since 12 noon is in the middle of the day, 06:30 will be in the morning. Therefore, it is 6:30 A.M. in London.

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5. Consider the following statements: 1. Distance between the longitude

Consider the following statements:

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  • 1. Distance between the longitudes becomes zero on North Pole and South Pole.
  • 2. Distance between the longitudes is maximum on the Equator.
  • 3. Number of longitudes is more than number of latitudes.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

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1 only
2 only
1 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2023
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All three statements regarding longitudes and latitudes are correct.
Longitudes are imaginary lines running from the North Pole to the South Pole. They are furthest apart at the equator and converge at the poles, where the distance between them becomes zero. The equator is the largest circle of latitude, and the distance between longitudes is maximum here. There are 360 degrees of longitude (180° East and 180° West from the Prime Meridian, including 0° and 180°). Latitudes are imaginary circles parallel to the equator. There are 181 lines of latitude (0° at the equator, 1° to 90° North, and 1° to 90° South). Thus, the number of longitudes (360) is greater than the number of latitudes (181).
Lines of latitude are parallel and the distance between consecutive degrees of latitude is approximately constant (about 111 km or 69 miles). Lines of longitude are not parallel; their distance varies from maximum at the equator to zero at the poles.

6. If it is 12.00 Noon in India, on which meridian will it be 7.00 am of

If it is 12.00 Noon in India, on which meridian will it be 7.00 am of the same day ?

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7.5 degree E. Longitude
7.5 degree W. Longitude
75 degree E. Longitude
75 degree W. Longitude
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2021
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The correct answer is 7.5 degree E. Longitude.
India’s standard time (IST) is based on the meridian 82.5 degrees East longitude. The time difference between two locations is directly proportional to the difference in their longitudes, with 1 hour corresponding to 15 degrees of longitude (360 degrees / 24 hours). If it is 12:00 Noon at 82.5 degrees E, and we need to find the longitude where it is 7:00 am on the same day, the time difference is 12:00 – 7:00 = 5 hours. Since the time is earlier, the location must be to the west of India. The longitude difference is 5 hours * 15 degrees/hour = 75 degrees. Starting from 82.5 degrees East and moving 75 degrees West, we get the required longitude: 82.5 degrees E – 75 degrees = 7.5 degrees E.
Moving eastwards adds time (later time), and moving westwards subtracts time (earlier time). The calculation confirms that a location at 7.5 degrees East longitude is 5 hours behind India’s standard time (at 82.5 degrees East).

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7. The Prime Meridian (zero degree longitude) does not pass through whi

The Prime Meridian (zero degree longitude) does not pass through which of the following country/countries ?

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  1. England
  2. France
  3. Portugal
  4. Scotland

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

1 and 2
2 and 3
3 and 4
3 only
This question was previously asked in
UPSC Geoscientist – 2024
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The Prime Meridian (0° longitude) passes through several countries including the United Kingdom (specifically Greenwich in England), France, Spain, Algeria, Mali, Burkina Faso, Togo, and Ghana. Scotland is part of the United Kingdom, but the Prime Meridian passes through England, not Scotland. Portugal is also a country on the Iberian Peninsula but the Prime Meridian does not pass through it. Therefore, the Prime Meridian does not pass through Portugal (3) and Scotland (4).
The Prime Meridian passes through England and France but not Scotland or Portugal.
The Prime Meridian was established at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, London, UK in 1884. It serves as the line of 0° longitude and the basis for Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

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8. If it is 10:00 a.m. at Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), then what will be th

If it is 10:00 a.m. at Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), then what will be the time at 90° E longitude?

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5:00 a.m.
4:00 a.m.
3:00 p.m.
4:00 p.m.
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2023
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The Earth rotates 360 degrees in 24 hours. This means it rotates 15 degrees in one hour (360/24 = 15), or 1 degree every 4 minutes (60/15 = 4). Longitudes to the east of GMT are ahead in time, and longitudes to the west are behind. The difference in longitude between GMT (0°) and 90° E is 90°. The time difference is (90/15) hours = 6 hours. Since 90° E is east of GMT, the time will be 6 hours ahead of GMT. If it is 10:00 a.m. at GMT, then at 90° E, the time will be 10:00 a.m. + 6 hours = 4:00 p.m.
For every 15 degrees of longitude, there is a time difference of one hour. Eastward travel adds time, while westward travel subtracts time.
GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) or UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) is the standard time at the prime meridian (0° longitude). India’s standard time (IST) is 5.5 hours ahead of GMT, corresponding to 82.5° E longitude (82.5 * 4 minutes = 330 minutes = 5 hours 30 minutes).

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