Lokpal and Important Commissions

51. The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 provides for the establishment of

The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 provides for the establishment of the

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Anti-Corruption Bureau
Corruption Eradication Commission
Ombudsman for Corruption Cases
Special Investigation Team
This question was previously asked in
UPSC Combined Section Officer – 2019-20
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The correct option is C. The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 provides for the establishment of the Ombudsman for Corruption Cases (referred to as Lokpal at the Union level).
– The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 establishes the institution of Lokpal at the central level and requires states to establish the institution of Lokayukta.
– The Lokpal is an independent statutory body that inquires into allegations of corruption against certain public functionaries, including the Prime Minister, ministers, and Members of Parliament.
– The term “Ombudsman” is derived from Swedish and refers to an official appointed to investigate individuals’ complaints against maladministration, especially that of public organizations. The Lokpal institution in India is modeled on the concept of an Ombudsman, specifically dealing with corruption complaints against public servants.
– The options A, B, and D do not accurately describe the institution established by the Act. Anti-Corruption Bureau is typically a police wing, Corruption Eradication Commission is not the official name, and a Special Investigation Team is formed for specific cases, not a permanent overarching body like the Lokpal.
The Lokpal consists of a Chairperson and a maximum of eight Members, half of whom are required to be judicial Members, and minimum fifty percent of the Members shall be from SC, ST, OBC, Minorities, and women. The jurisdiction of Lokpal covers a wide range of public functionaries.

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52. Which one of the following is a constitutional body?

Which one of the following is a constitutional body?

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The National Commission for Backward Classes
The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes
The National Commission for Protection of Child Rights
The National Commission for Minorities
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2024
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The correct answer is B. Among the given options, the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes is a constitutional body.
– A constitutional body is one that is established by a specific provision of the Constitution of India.
– The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) was established by Article 338A of the Constitution, inserted by the 89th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003.
– The National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC) was established by Article 338 of the Constitution (initially as a Special Officer, later constitutionalized). NCST was created by bifurcating the original NCSC.
– The National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC) was initially a statutory body. It was granted constitutional status by the 102nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2018, which inserted Article 338B.
– The National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) is a statutory body established under the Commissions for Protection of Child Rights Act, 2005.
– The National Commission for Minorities is a statutory body established under the National Commission for Minorities Act, 1992.
Given that both NCST (B) and NCBC (A) are currently constitutional bodies, this question might be considered flawed if it expects only one correct answer from a recent perspective. However, if the question originated before the 102nd Amendment Act of 2018, then NCBC would have been a statutory body, making NCST the only constitutional body among the options. Assuming the question is intended to have a single correct answer and may reflect an older context, B is the appropriate choice. If the question is from post-2018 and strictly asks for *a* constitutional body, then both A and B fit, but B is the most definitively correct answer that has been constitutional for a longer period. In typical UPSC style multiple-choice questions with a single best answer, there might be a historical context or a subtlety intended. Given the common pre-2018 questions in older test series materials, option B is the likely intended answer.

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53. The Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 provides for the constitution

The Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 provides for the constitution of which of the following bodies ?

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  • National Human Rights Commission
  • State Human Rights Commission
  • Human Rights Tribunal
  • Human Rights Court

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

1, 2, 3 and 4
2 and 3 only
1, 3 and 4 only
1, 2 and 4
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2023
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The Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 provides for the constitution of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) at the central level and empowers State Governments to constitute State Human Rights Commissions (SHRCs). It also provides for the specification of Human Rights Courts in each district.
– The Act explicitly provides for the National Human Rights Commission (Section 3) and State Human Rights Commissions (Section 21).
– The Act empowers the State Government, in consultation with the Chief Justice of the High Court, to specify for each district a Court of Session to be a Human Rights Court (Section 30).
– The Act does not specifically provide for the constitution of generic “Human Rights Tribunals” in the same manner as the Commissions or Courts.
Human Rights Courts are intended for the speedy trial of offences arising out of the violation of human rights. While the Act mentions these three types of bodies, the primary statutory bodies created are the NHRC and SHRCs, with Human Rights Courts being existing Courts of Session specified for a particular purpose under the Act.

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54. The Chairperson of National Human Rights Commission is appointed by th

The Chairperson of National Human Rights Commission is appointed by the President of India on the basis of recommendations of a Committee. Who among the following heads the Committee ?

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The Prime Minister of India
The Minister in charge of Home Affairs
The Leader of the Opposition in Lok Sabha
The Minister in charge of Law and Justice
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2023
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The Chairperson of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is appointed by the President of India based on the recommendations of a high-powered committee. This committee is headed by the Prime Minister of India.
– The committee recommending the appointment of the NHRC Chairperson and members is chaired by the Prime Minister.
– The committee includes the Speaker of the Lok Sabha, the Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, the Leader of the Opposition in both Houses of Parliament, and the Union Home Minister.
The Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 lays down the composition of this committee responsible for recommending appointments to the NHRC. The Chairperson and members are appointed by the President based on these recommendations.

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55. The Chairperson of the Central Vigilance Commission is also known as :

The Chairperson of the Central Vigilance Commission is also known as :

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Vigilance Commissioner.
Chief Vigilance Officer.
Central Vigilance Officer.
Central Vigilance Commissioner.
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UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2022
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The Chairperson of the Central Vigilance Commission is known as the Central Vigilance Commissioner.
The Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) is headed by a Central Vigilance Commissioner. The Commission can also have not more than two Vigilance Commissioners. The CVC Act, 2003 establishes this structure.
The Central Vigilance Commissioner is appointed by the President on the recommendation of a committee consisting of the Prime Minister (Chairperson), the Minister of Home Affairs, and the Leader of the Opposition in the House of the People. Vigilance Commissioners are also appointed similarly. Chief Vigilance Officer (CVO) is a post within an organization (usually public sector undertakings or government departments) who acts as the extended arm of the CVC.

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56. While dealing with complaints of violation of human rights by members

While dealing with complaints of violation of human rights by members of the armed forces, the National Human Rights Commission shall adopt which of the following procedures ?

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  • 1. It may, either on its own motion or on receipt of a petition, seek a report from the Central Government.
  • 2. After the receipt of the report, it may proceed with complaints and make its recommendations to that Government.
  • 3. The Central Government shall inform the Commission of the action taken on the recommendation within three months or within the time extended by the Commission.

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

1 only
1 and 2 only
1, 2 and 3
2 and 3 only
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2022
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The correct answer is (C) 1, 2 and 3.
Section 21 of The Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, specifically outlines the procedure to be followed by the National Human Rights Commission when dealing with complaints regarding the violation of human rights by members of the armed forces. All three steps listed in the question are part of this procedure: seeking a report from the Central Government (either on its own motion or on a petition), making recommendations to the Central Government after receiving the report, and the Central Government being required to inform the Commission of the action taken on the recommendations within a specified timeframe (usually three months or extended time).
Unlike inquiries into complaints against civilian authorities, where the Commission has powers of a civil court, its jurisdiction over complaints against the armed forces is more restricted. It primarily functions in a recommendatory capacity after seeking a report from the Central Government. This special procedure reflects the distinct nature of the armed forces.

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57. The National Human Rights Commission shall, while inquiring into the c

The National Human Rights Commission shall, while inquiring into the complaints for violation of human rights, have all powers of :

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a High Court.
a Civil Court only.
a Criminal Court only.
both Civil and Criminal Courts.
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2022
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The correct answer is (B) a Civil Court only.
Section 13 of The Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, grants the National Human Rights Commission, while inquiring into complaints of violation of human rights, all the powers of a civil court trying a suit under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. These powers include summoning witnesses, requiring discovery and production of documents, receiving evidence on affidavits, requisitioning public records, and issuing commissions for the examination of witnesses or documents.
The NHRC functions as an investigative body and a quasi-judicial authority in matters of human rights violations. It does not have the powers of a criminal court, such as the power to issue arrest warrants or pass punitive judgments in criminal matters. Its role is recommendatory regarding prosecution or other actions in case of violations, based on its inquiry.

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58. The Chairperson of the National Human Rights Commission is appointed b

The Chairperson of the National Human Rights Commission is appointed by the :

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President of India.
Prime Minister of India.
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India.
Minister-in-charge of the Ministry of Home Affairs.
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2022
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The correct answer is (A) President of India.
The Chairperson and Members of the National Human Rights Commission are appointed by the President of India. This appointment is made based on the recommendations of a committee comprising the Prime Minister as the Chairperson, the Speaker of the House of the People, the Minister in-charge of the Ministry of Home Affairs, the Leader of the Opposition in the House of the People, the Leader of the Opposition in the Council of States, and such other Member as may be nominated by the President.
While the Prime Minister chairs the recommendation committee, the formal appointment is made by the President, who is the head of the state. This multi-member committee structure aims to ensure transparency and impartiality in the appointment process for such a crucial body.

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59. In India, for better protection of human rights, the National Human Ri

In India, for better protection of human rights, the National Human Rights Commission, State Human Rights Commissions and Human Rights Courts are constituted under :

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The Human Rights Act, 1988.
The Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.
The Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955.
The International Bill of Human Rights, 1948.
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2022
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The correct answer is (B) The Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993.
In India, the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC), State Human Rights Commissions (SHRCs), and Human Rights Courts are constituted under the provisions of The Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. This Act was enacted to provide for the constitution of these bodies for better protection of human rights.
The Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955, is a different law that deals with the punishment for the preaching and practice of untouchability and for the enforcement of any disability arising therefrom. The International Bill of Human Rights is a set of international documents and does not directly govern the establishment of domestic human rights institutions in India, although the Act of 1993 is informed by India’s international human rights obligations.

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60. Which one of the following statements is not true in regard to the Nat

Which one of the following statements is not true in regard to the National Human Rights Commission ?

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It can inquire suo motu on a petition.
It is a body of the Government of India.
It can review any matter including acts of terrorism that inhibit the enjoyment of Human Rights.
It spreads Human Rights literacy.
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2022
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The correct answer is B. The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is a statutory body established by an Act of Parliament (Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993), but it is designed to function as an independent watchdog, not as a mere department or ‘body of’ the Government of India in the executive sense. While created by the government, its independence from direct executive control is crucial for its function. Statements A, C, and D are true functions of the NHRC as per the Protection of Human Rights Act.
The NHRC is an independent statutory body, not an executive department.
The Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, mandates the NHRC to perform functions like inquiring into human rights violations (suo motu or on petition), reviewing factors (including terrorism) inhibiting human rights, and promoting human rights literacy. Its independent status is vital for its credibility and effectiveness in monitoring human rights.

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