Khilafat Movement

1. The Khilafat Movement was built around

The Khilafat Movement was built around

[amp_mcq option1=”opposing British rule in India” option2=”protecting the sovereignty of the Khalifa” option3=”opposing the national movement” option4=”protesting against lack of educational opportunities in India” correct=”option2″]

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UPSC CAPF – 2013
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The Khilafat Movement (1919-1924) was primarily a reaction by Indian Muslims to the treatment of the Ottoman Empire by the Allied powers after World War I. The Ottoman Sultan was considered the Khalifa (Caliph), the spiritual and political head of Muslims worldwide. The movement in India was organized to protest against the perceived humiliation of the Khalifa and the disintegration of his empire, and to pressure the British government to protect the sovereignty of the Khalifa and preserve his control over holy sites. While it later allied with the Indian nationalist movement under Gandhi (Non-Cooperation Movement), its foundational cause was the defense of the Caliphate.
– The Khilafat Movement emerged after World War I.
– It was a protest by Indian Muslims regarding the fate of the Ottoman Empire and the Khalifa.
– The central demand was to protect the sovereignty and position of the Khalifa.
Prominent leaders of the movement included the Ali brothers (Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar and Shaukat Ali), Maulana Azad, Hakim Ajmal Khan, and Hasrat Mohani. Mahatma Gandhi saw it as an opportunity to unite Hindus and Muslims against British rule. The movement lost its main objective when the Caliphate was abolished in Turkey by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in 1924.

2. The Khilafat Movement received support from both Hindus and Muslims an

The Khilafat Movement received support from both Hindus and Muslims and it was led from the front by Gandhiji. In spite of this, the movement lost momentum. Why ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Office of Khalifa was abolished in Turkey itself and better terms offered to Turkey” option2=”Muslim League’s opposition to the Indian National Congress” option3=”Special concessions given to the Muslims by the British government” option4=”Internal frictions between the Congress and the Muslim League” correct=”option1″]

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UPSC CAPF – 2011
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The primary reason for the Khilafat Movement losing momentum was the abolition of the office of Khalifa in Turkey itself.
The Khilafat Movement in India was launched to protest against the harsh terms imposed on the Ottoman Empire and its Sultan (who was considered the Khalifa or Caliph by many Muslims) by the Treaty of Sevres after World War I. The movement demanded that the Khalifa’s control over Muslim holy places be maintained and his territory not be dismembered. However, a nationalist revolution in Turkey led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk abolished the Sultanate in 1922 and formally abolished the Caliphate in March 1924. This act removed the central issue around which the Khilafat movement was based, causing it to collapse. The Treaty of Lausanne (1923) was also more favorable to Turkey, further undermining the original grievances.
While factors like the withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement by Gandhi (which had been integrated with the Khilafat movement), communal tensions, and internal differences played a role in weakening the movement, the ultimate external factor that caused its demise was the abolition of the Caliphate by the Turkish government.

3. Which one of the following statements about the Khilafat Movement is n

Which one of the following statements about the Khilafat Movement is not correct?

[amp_mcq option1=”The Khilafat Movement demanded that the Khalifa must retain control over Muslim holy places.” option2=”The radical trend in the Khilafat Movement was represented by younger leaders like Muhammad Ali, Shaukat Ali, and Maulana Azad.” option3=”Indian Muslim leaders used Khilafat as a symbol that could unite the Indian Muslim community.” option4=”The Delhi conference of the Central Khilafat Committee in 1920 decided to launch a massive Non-Cooperation Movement.” correct=”option4″]

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UPSC NDA-2 – 2015
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The correct option is D) The Delhi conference of the Central Khilafat Committee in 1920 decided to launch a massive Non-Cooperation Movement. This statement is not entirely accurate.
– Statement A is correct: One of the key demands of the Khilafat Movement was the preservation of the Ottoman Caliphate and the protection of Muslim holy places under his control.
– Statement B is correct: Younger, radical leaders like the Ali brothers (Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali) and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad were prominent figures who represented a more assertive approach within the movement.
– Statement C is correct: The Khilafat issue provided a common platform and a potent symbol that Indian Muslim leaders used to mobilize and unite the diverse Indian Muslim community on a pan-Islamic cause.
– Statement D is not correct: While the Khilafat Committee played a crucial role in initiating the Non-Cooperation Movement in India and endorsed it, the decision for a massive Non-Cooperation Movement involving various stages of boycott and civil disobedience was a joint effort involving both the Khilafat leaders and Mahatma Gandhi and the Congress. The Khilafat Committee’s meeting in Bombay in May 1920, presided over by Gandhi, endorsed the non-cooperation programme. The Indian National Congress formally adopted the Non-Cooperation resolution at its Calcutta session in September 1920, and launched the movement on August 1, 1920. The specific Delhi conference mentioned deciding to *launch* the massive movement is inaccurate regarding the specific decision-making process and timing.
The Khilafat Movement was launched in India (1919-1924) to protest against the harsh terms imposed on the Ottoman Empire after World War I by the Treaty of Sevres and to support the Caliph as the spiritual head of Muslims worldwide. It merged with the Non-Cooperation Movement launched by the Indian National Congress from 1920 to 1922, making it the first major all-India mass movement against British rule.

4. Which one of the following characteristics does NOT describe the Khila

Which one of the following characteristics does NOT describe the Khilafat movement?

[amp_mcq option1=”Mahatma Gandhi sought to link it to the Non-Cooperation movement” option2=”It was not supported by the Congress” option3=”It demanded that the Turkish Sultan must retain control over Muslim sacred spaces in the erstwhile Ottoman empire” option4=”It was led by Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali” correct=”option2″]

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UPSC NDA-1 – 2017
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The statement that it was not supported by the Congress is NOT correct.
The Indian National Congress, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, actively supported the Khilafat Movement. Gandhi saw it as a crucial opportunity to unite Hindus and Muslims against British rule and linked it to the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922).
Statement A is correct; Gandhi integrated the Khilafat and Non-Cooperation movements. Statement C is correct; a key demand was the preservation of the Ottoman Caliph’s authority over Muslim holy places. Statement D is correct; the movement was prominently led by the Ali Brothers, Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali.

5. Which one of the following statements is NOT correct about Khilafat

Which one of the following statements is NOT correct about Khilafat movement?

[amp_mcq option1=”It was led by Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali” option2=”It demanded that Turkish Sultan must retain control over the Muslim sacred places in the erstwhile Ottoman Empire” option3=”Khalifa must be left with sufficient territory to enable him to defend the Islamic faith” option4=”The Congress did not support the movement” correct=”option4″]

This question was previously asked in
UPSC Geoscientist – 2020
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The correct answer is D) The Congress did not support the movement. This statement is NOT correct about the Khilafat movement.
– The Khilafat movement (1919-1924) was an Indian Muslim movement protesting the treatment of the Ottoman Caliph (Khalifa) by the Allied powers after World War I.
– It was led by prominent Muslim leaders including the Ali brothers, Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali.
– Key demands included that the Turkish Sultan/Khalifa must retain control over the Muslim sacred places and be left with sufficient territory to defend the Islamic faith.
– Critically, Mahatma Gandhi and the Indian National Congress supported the Khilafat movement and launched the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920 in tandem with it, seeing it as an opportunity to unite Hindus and Muslims against the British rule.
The joint platform of the Khilafat and Non-Cooperation movements represented a significant phase of Hindu-Muslim unity in the Indian freedom struggle, though the unity proved to be temporary. The movement lost momentum after the abolition of the Caliphate in Turkey in 1924 by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.
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