Information and Communication Technology

Which one of the following communication media supports higher bandwidth ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Coaxial cable” option2=”Fibre optic cable” option3=”CAT-5 UTP cable” option4=”Electrical cable” correct=”option2″]

Fibre optic cables offer significantly higher bandwidth compared to coaxial cables, CAT-5 UTP cables, and standard electrical cables used for communication.

– Higher bandwidth means the medium can transmit more data per unit of time.
– Fibre optic cables use light signals to transmit data along glass or plastic fibres, offering extremely high speeds and large bandwidths over long distances.
– Coaxial and UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) cables use electrical signals over copper wires, with lower bandwidth limitations compared to fibre optics.

Fibre optic cables are widely used in modern communication networks, including backbone networks, internet infrastructure, and high-speed local area networks (LANs), due to their superior performance characteristics, including high bandwidth, low signal loss, and immunity to electromagnetic interference.

One Terabyte (TB) of memory storage is equal to

[amp_mcq option1=”1024 Gigabytes” option2=”1024 Megabytes” option3=”1024 Kilobytes” option4=”1024 Petabytes” correct=”option1″]

The correct option is A) 1024 Gigabytes.

– In computer memory measurement, units are typically based on powers of 1024 (2^10), which is related to the binary nature of digital systems.
– The standard progression of units is:
– 1 Kilobyte (KB) = 1024 Bytes
– 1 Megabyte (MB) = 1024 Kilobytes
– 1 Gigabyte (GB) = 1024 Megabytes
– 1 Terabyte (TB) = 1024 Gigabytes
– 1 Petabyte (PB) = 1024 Terabytes

– Storage manufacturers sometimes use decimal prefixes (powers of 1000) for marketing capacity (e.g., 1 GB = 1000 MB), but for internal computer architecture and operating system reporting, binary prefixes (powers of 1024) are conventionally used unless otherwise specified (e.g., Kibibyte, Mebibyte, Gibibyte, Tebibyte). In general knowledge questions like this, the 1024 basis is usually implied for TB, GB, MB, KB conversions.

The term that refers to a set of programmes and instructions that helps the computer in carrying out the processing is

[amp_mcq option1=”Hardware” option2=”Software” option3=”Storage” option4=”Input/Output” correct=”option2″]

The correct option is B) Software.

– Software is a collection of programs, data, procedures, and instructions that tell a computer how to perform specific tasks.
– It is the non-physical component of a computer system, in contrast to hardware.
– The term “set of programmes and instructions that helps the computer in carrying out the processing” precisely describes software.

– Hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer.
– Storage refers to the components used to store data (e.g., hard drive, RAM).
– Input/Output refers to the interface and devices used for communication between the computer and the user or other systems.

Which one of the following is the full form of ASCII code which is generally used in the computer system ?

[amp_mcq option1=”American Standard Code for Information Interchange” option2=”American Standard Code for Internet Interchange” option3=”Australian Standard Code for Information Interchange” option4=”Australian Standard Code for Internet Interchange” correct=”option1″]

The correct option is A) American Standard Code for Information Interchange.

– ASCII is a character encoding standard widely used in computers and other communication equipment.
– The acronym ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange.

– ASCII is a 7-bit code that represents 128 characters, including uppercase and lowercase English letters, numbers, punctuation marks, and control characters.
– It was developed in the early 1960s and is the basis for many other character encodings.

Which of the following unit(s) is/are part(s) of a CPU ?

[amp_mcq option1=”ALU” option2=”Control Unit” option3=”Memory Unit” option4=”ALU, Control Unit and Memory Unit” correct=”option2″]

The correct option is B) Control Unit.

– The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the primary component of a computer that performs most of the processing.
– The CPU is typically composed of the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), the Control Unit (CU), and registers. Cache memory is also considered part of the CPU in modern architectures.
– The Control Unit is a vital part of the CPU responsible for fetching instructions from memory, decoding them, and managing the execution of these instructions by directing the operations of the ALU, memory, and input/output devices. It is often described as the “brain” or “manager” of the CPU.

– The ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) is another core part of the CPU that performs arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, etc.) and logical operations (AND, OR, NOT, etc.).
– The Memory Unit (specifically referring to main memory or RAM) is generally considered a separate component of the computer system, external to the CPU, although closely interacting with it via the system bus.
– Option D lists ALU, Control Unit, and Memory Unit. Since the Memory Unit is typically not considered part of the CPU, option D is incorrect.
– Both A (ALU) and B (Control Unit) are correct parts of the CPU. Given that only one option can be selected and option D is incorrect, the question might be considered ambiguous as both A and B are valid. However, the Control Unit’s role in orchestrating all CPU operations, including those of the ALU, might lead to it being considered a more encompassing or primary unit in some simplified classifications.

Which one of the following is the principal function of an Intelligent Camera ?

[amp_mcq option1=”To extract application specific information from the captured images” option2=”To take pictures of terrorist movements at night” option3=”To take pictures of arms and ammunitions carried by persons” option4=”To detect the suspicious goods hidden on the body of an air traveller” correct=”option1″]

An Intelligent Camera integrates image capture hardware with processing capabilities to analyze images and extract specific, application-relevant information, going beyond mere photography.

Intelligent cameras combine imaging with built-in processing and analysis.

While intelligent cameras can be used for applications like security surveillance (options B, C, D describe potential uses), their principal function lies in their ability to process visual data to identify patterns, objects, or anomalies pertinent to a specific task.

Which one of the following statements about FORTRAN is correct ?

[amp_mcq option1=”It is a computer programming language.” option2=”It is a computer software developed by IBM to use in assembly of motor parts.” option3=”It is a brand of a new computer system developed by IBM.” option4=”It is the name of the first supercomputer developed in India by DRDO.” correct=”option1″]

FORTRAN (Formula Translation) is a compiled, imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. It was one of the first high-level programming languages developed.

FORTRAN is a prominent historical and still used programming language.

FORTRAN was developed by IBM in the 1950s for scientific and engineering applications. It is not a specific software for assembly of motor parts, a brand of computer, or the name of the first Indian supercomputer (which was PARAM 8000).

Which one of the following is commonly referred to as the brain of any computer system ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Arithmetic Logic Unit” option2=”Central Processing Unit” option3=”Control Unit” option4=”Application Server” correct=”option2″]

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is considered the brain of the computer because it performs the primary calculations, executes instructions, and manages the flow of data within the system.

The CPU is responsible for processing most of the data in a computer.

The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and the Control Unit (CU) are integral parts of the CPU, performing specific functions within it. The Application Server is a type of server that hosts user applications.

Which of the following statements about UNIVAC is/are correct ?

• 1. It was the first general purpose electronic digital computer designed for commercial use.
• 2. It stands for Unique Automatic Computer.

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”2 only” option3=”Both 1 and 2″ option4=”Neither 1 nor 2″ correct=”option1″]

The correct answer is A) 1 only.

Statement 1 is correct: The UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer I) was indeed the first general-purpose electronic digital computer designed for commercial use in the United States. It was delivered to the United States Census Bureau in 1951.
Statement 2 is incorrect: UNIVAC stands for Universal Automatic Computer, not Unique Automatic Computer.

UNIVAC I was a significant step in the history of computing, moving computers from purely scientific and military applications towards commercial data processing. It was famous for correctly predicting the outcome of the 1952 US presidential election based on a small sample of votes. It was designed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, who had previously designed the ENIAC.

An Internet utility that lets one log on to remote computer systems is known as

[amp_mcq option1=”Usenet” option2=”Telnet” option3=”File Transfer Protocol (FTP)” option4=”Remote Net” correct=”option2″]

The correct answer is B) Telnet.

Telnet is an internet protocol and utility that provides a command-line interface for communicating with a remote server. It allows a user to log in to a remote computer system and execute commands as if they were directly connected to it.

While Telnet provides remote login capability, it transmits data in plain text, making it insecure for sensitive information like passwords. For secure remote login, protocols like SSH (Secure Shell) are now widely preferred and used as a modern alternative to Telnet. FTP is used specifically for file transfer, and Usenet is a system for distributed discussion groups.