Indian Geography

51. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists :

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List-I (River)List-II (Tributary)
A. Indus1. Seti
B. Ghaghra2. Dhansiri
C. Brahmaputra3. Bhavani
D. Kaveri4. Nubra
A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3
A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
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UPSC CBI DSP LDCE – 2023
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The correct matching of rivers with their tributaries is Indus-Nubra, Ghaghra-Seti, Brahmaputra-Dhansiri, and Kaveri-Bhavani.
Match the rivers with their respective tributaries:
– **Indus River:** Major tributaries include the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej, Beas (the Panjnad), and also mountain tributaries like the Shyok, Zanskar, Hunza, Gilgit, etc. Nubra is a well-known tributary of the Shyok River, which itself is a major tributary of the Indus River. Thus, Nubra is indirectly a tributary of the Indus. (A-4)
– **Ghaghra River:** A major left-bank tributary of the Ganges. Its important tributaries include the Karnali (main stream), Seti, Bheri, Rapti, and Sharda (Kali). Seti is a tributary of the Ghaghra. (B-1)
– **Brahmaputra River:** Known as the Yarlung Tsangpo in Tibet, it enters India as the Siang and then becomes the Brahmaputra. Major tributaries include Dibang, Lohit, Subansiri, Kameng, Manas, Sankosh, Teesta, and in Bangladesh, the Jamuna joins the Padma (Ganges). Dhansiri is a significant south-bank tributary of the Brahmaputra in Assam. (C-2)
– **Kaveri River:** A major river in South India. Its tributaries include the Harangi, Hemavati, Lakshmana Tirtha, Kabini, Bhavani, Noyyal, and Amaravathi. Bhavani is a major tributary of the Kaveri. (D-3)
Knowledge of the major river systems and their tributaries is a fundamental part of the geography syllabus for Indian competitive exams. Tributaries play a crucial role in defining the drainage basin and hydrology of a river.

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52. The Tropic of Cancer does not pass through which of the following grou

The Tropic of Cancer does not pass through which of the following groups of States?

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Gujarat, West Bengal, Nagaland
Rajasthan, Jharkhand, Mizoram
Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Tripura
Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Mizoram
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The Tropic of Cancer does not pass through the state of Nagaland, which is included in group A.
The Tropic of Cancer is a line of latitude located at approximately 23.5 degrees North of the Equator. In India, it passes through eight states from west to east:
1. Gujarat
2. Rajasthan
3. Madhya Pradesh
4. Chhattisgarh
5. Jharkhand
6. West Bengal
7. Tripura
8. Mizoram

Let’s check the options against this list:
A) Gujarat (Yes), West Bengal (Yes), **Nagaland (No)**. Nagaland is located north of the Tropic of Cancer.
B) Rajasthan (Yes), Jharkhand (Yes), Mizoram (Yes). All three are on the line.
C) Gujarat (Yes), Chhattisgarh (Yes), Tripura (Yes). All three are on the line.
D) Madhya Pradesh (Yes), Jharkhand (Yes), Mizoram (Yes). All three are on the line.

Knowing the list of states the Tropic of Cancer passes through is a frequently tested geographical fact for Indian exams. Visualizing these states on a map helps in remembering them.

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53. Which one of the following is not among the areas classified as ‘moder

Which one of the following is not among the areas classified as ‘moderate drought-affected areas’ in India?

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Coimbatore Plateau
Northern part of Rajasthan
Southern districts of Uttar Pradesh
Konkan region of Maharashtra
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The Konkan region of Maharashtra is generally not classified as a ‘moderate drought-affected area’ in India; it is known for receiving heavy rainfall.
Drought-prone areas in India are typically identified based on rainfall patterns, irrigation facilities, and agricultural practices. Regions commonly classified as drought-prone include parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra (Vidarbha, Marathwada), Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh (Bundelkhand), and Uttar Pradesh (Bundelkhand).

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– Northern part of Rajasthan (Thar desert region) is severely drought-prone.
– Southern districts of Uttar Pradesh (Bundelkhand region) are moderately drought-prone.
– Coimbatore Plateau (in Tamil Nadu) is also known to be a drought-prone area.
– The Konkan region, situated along the Western Ghats, receives very high rainfall during the monsoon season and is not typically considered drought-prone.

Classification of drought-affected areas can vary based on the criteria used (meteorological, agricultural, hydrological drought) and the specific year’s conditions. However, geographically, the Konkan belt is consistently among the high-rainfall regions of India, making it an unlikely candidate for a drought-affected classification.

54. In the context of the Indus Water Treaty, 1960, water of which one of

In the context of the Indus Water Treaty, 1960, water of which one of the following rivers was not allocated to India for its exclusive use?

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Ravi
Chenab
Sutlej
Beas
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The correct option is B) Chenab. The Indus Water Treaty, signed in 1960, divided the six rivers of the Indus basin between India and Pakistan. The water of the three ‘Eastern Rivers’ – Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej – was allocated to India for its exclusive use. The water of the three ‘Western Rivers’ – Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab – was allocated primarily to Pakistan, with India permitted limited non-consumptive uses (such as power generation, irrigation storage) on these rivers. Therefore, the water of Chenab was not allocated to India for its exclusive use.
– The Indus Water Treaty divides the six rivers of the Indus basin.
– Eastern Rivers (Ravi, Beas, Sutlej) are for India’s exclusive use.
– Western Rivers (Indus, Jhelum, Chenab) are for Pakistan’s use, with restricted Indian uses.
The treaty was brokered by the World Bank and has largely survived various conflicts between India and Pakistan, making it one of the most successful water treaties globally.

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55. Consider the following archaeological sites : 1. Burzahom 2. Sarai Kho

Consider the following archaeological sites :
1. Burzahom
2. Sarai Khola
3. Kurnool
4. Attirampakkam
Which one of the following represents the locations of the above sites starting from north to south?

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2-1-4-3
1-2-3-4
1-3-2-4
2-3-4-1
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CBI DSP LDCE – 2023
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To arrange the sites from North to South:
1. Burzahom is in Kashmir, the northernmost region among the given sites.
2. Sarai Khola is located near Taxila in the Punjab province of Pakistan, which is south of Kashmir.
3. Kurnool is in Andhra Pradesh, located in South India, south of Punjab/North India.
4. Attirampakkam is near Chennai in Tamil Nadu, located further south than Kurnool in South India.
Therefore, the order from North to South is Burzahom (1) -> Sarai Khola (2) -> Kurnool (3) -> Attirampakkam (4), which corresponds to option B.
– Burzahom is a significant Neolithic site known for pit dwellings.
– Sarai Khola is an archaeological mound revealing evidence from the Neolithic and Indus Valley periods.
– Kurnool district in Andhra Pradesh is famous for its Paleolithic cave sites, like the Kurnool caves.
– Attirampakkam is one of the most important Lower Paleolithic sites in India, providing a long sequence of cultural periods.
Mapping these sites geographically:
– Burzahom: ~34.1° N latitude (J&K, India)
– Sarai Khola: ~33.6° N latitude (Punjab, Pakistan)
– Kurnool: ~15.8° N latitude (Andhra Pradesh, India)
– Attirampakkam: ~13.2° N latitude (Tamil Nadu, India)
This confirms the North-to-South order as 1-2-3-4.

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56. Consider the following information : Waterfall Region River

Consider the following information :

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WaterfallRegionRiver
1. DhuandharMalwaNarmada
2. HundruChota NagpurSubarnarekha
3. GersoppaWestern GhatsNetravati

In how many of the above rows is the given information correctly matched ?

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Only one
Only two
All three
None
This question was previously asked in
UPSC IAS – 2024
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Let’s examine each row:
1. Dhuandhar Waterfall, Malwa Region, Narmada River: Dhuandhar Falls are on the Narmada River near Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh. While on the Narmada, Jabalpur is generally considered part of the Mahakoshal region or the Satpura range foothills, not the Malwa Plateau which is further west. So, the region match is incorrect.
2. Hundru Waterfall, Chota Nagpur Region, Subarnarekha River: Hundru Falls are on the Subarnarekha River near Ranchi in Jharkhand, which is part of the Chota Nagpur Plateau region. This row is correctly matched.
3. Gersoppa Waterfall, Western Ghats Region, Netravati River: Gersoppa Falls, now commonly known as Jog Falls, are located on the Sharavathi River in Shivamogga district of Karnataka, which is part of the Western Ghats. The region is correct, but the river is incorrect. Jog Falls is on the Sharavathi, not the Netravati River.
Therefore, only the second row is correctly matched.
– Dhuandhar Falls are on the Narmada River.
– Hundru Falls are on the Subarnarekha River in Chota Nagpur.
– Gersoppa/Jog Falls are on the Sharavathi River in the Western Ghats.
Jog Falls (Gersoppa Falls) is one of the highest plunge waterfalls in India. The Netravati River flows through Karnataka and is a major river of the Dakshina Kannada district, flowing westwards into the Arabian Sea.

57. With reference to the Himalayan rivers joining the Ganga downstream of

With reference to the Himalayan rivers joining the Ganga downstream of Prayagraj from West to East, which one of the following sequences is correct ?

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Ghaghara – Gomati – Gandak – Kosi
Gomati – Ghaghara – Gandak – Kosi
Ghaghara – Gomati – Kosi – Gandak
Gomati – Ghaghara – Kosi – Gandak
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UPSC IAS – 2024
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To determine the correct sequence of Himalayan rivers joining the Ganga downstream of Prayagraj from West to East, we need to consider the geographical locations of their confluences with the Ganga.
Prayagraj is the confluence of the Ganga and Yamuna. Moving downstream (eastwards) from Prayagraj:
1. The Gomati River joins the Ganga near Saidpur, Uttar Pradesh.
2. The Ghaghara River joins the Ganga near Chhapra, Bihar, which is downstream (east) of the Gomati’s confluence.
3. The Gandak River joins the Ganga near Patna, Bihar, which is downstream (east) of the Ghaghara’s confluence.
4. The Kosi River joins the Ganga near Kursela in Bhagalpur district, Bihar, which is downstream (east) of the Gandak’s confluence.
Therefore, the correct sequence from West to East is Gomati – Ghaghara – Gandak – Kosi.
Major tributaries of the Ganga downstream of Prayagraj from west to east include the Gomati, Ghaghara, Gandak, and Kosi. Knowing the relative positions of their confluences is key to determining the order.
These rivers originate in the Himalayas and are major contributors of water and sediment to the Ganga river system. The Kosi is particularly known for its frequent changes in course, often referred to as the “Sorrow of Bihar”.

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58. With reference to India’s projects on connectivity, consider the follo

With reference to India’s projects on connectivity, consider the following statements :

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  • 1. East-West Corridor under Golden Quadrilateral Project connects Dibrugarh and Surat.
  • 2. Trilateral Highway connects Moreh in Manipur and Chiang Mai in Thailand via Myanmar.
  • 3. Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor connects Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh with Kunming in China.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

Only one
Only two
All three
None
This question was previously asked in
UPSC IAS – 2023
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Statement 1 is incorrect: The East-West Corridor under the National Highways Development Project (NHDP), not the Golden Quadrilateral, connects Silchar in Assam and Porbandar in Gujarat. Dibrugarh and Surat are not the endpoints.
Statement 2 is incorrect: The India–Myanmar–Thailand Trilateral Highway connects Moreh in Manipur, India, to Mae Sot in Thailand via Myanmar. While it facilitates travel further into Thailand, the primary defined endpoint on the Thai side within the project is Mae Sot, not Chiang Mai.
Statement 3 is incorrect: The Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar (BCIM) Economic Corridor is conceptualized to connect Kolkata in India to Kunming in China, passing through Bangladesh (Dhaka) and Myanmar (Mandalay). It does not connect Varanasi.
As all three statements contain factual inaccuracies regarding the endpoints of the mentioned connectivity projects, none of the statements are correct.
– East-West Corridor connects Silchar and Porbandar.
– Trilateral Highway connects Moreh and Mae Sot.
– BCIM Economic Corridor links Kolkata and Kunming.
The Golden Quadrilateral is a separate project connecting the four major metro cities (Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata). The North-South and East-West Corridors are part of NHDP Phase II. The Trilateral Highway aims to boost trade, tourism, and connectivity between the three countries. The BCIM corridor is a proposed economic corridor aimed at enhancing economic cooperation.

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59. Consider the following statements: 1. Amarkantak Hills are at conflu

Consider the following statements:

  • 1. Amarkantak Hills are at confluence of Vindhya and the Sahyadri Ranges.
  • 2. Biligirirangan Hills constitute the easternmost part of Satpura Range.
  • 3. Seshachalam Hills constitute the southernmost part of Western Ghats.

How many of the statements given above are correct?

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Only one
Only two
All three
None
This question was previously asked in
UPSC IAS – 2023
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Statement 1 is incorrect: Amarkantak Hills (part of the Maikal range) are located at the border of Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. They are associated with the eastern end of the Satpura Range system and the southern edge of the Vindhyan scarp, but not at the confluence of the Vindhya and Sahyadri (Western Ghats) Ranges, which are geographically distant.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Biligirirangan Hills (BR Hills) are located in southern Karnataka and connect the Western and Eastern Ghats, serving as an ecological corridor. They are far south of the Satpura Range.
Statement 3 is incorrect: Seshachalam Hills are a part of the Eastern Ghats in Andhra Pradesh. The southernmost part of the Western Ghats includes ranges like the Cardamom Hills and Agasthyamalai Hills in Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
Since all three statements are factually incorrect regarding the geographical locations and associations of the mentioned hill ranges, none of the statements are correct.
– Amarkantak is linked to Satpura and Vindhya systems but not Sahyadri.
– BR Hills connect Eastern and Western Ghats in South India.
– Seshachalam Hills belong to the Eastern Ghats.
Amarkantak is the source of the Narmada and Son rivers. BR Hills are known for their biodiversity and are a Tiger Reserve. Seshachalam Hills are home to the famous Tirupati Venkateswara Temple.

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60. Ilmenite and rutile, abundantly available in certain coastal tracts of

Ilmenite and rutile, abundantly available in certain coastal tracts of India, are rich sources of which one of the following?

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Aluminium
Copper
Iron
Titanium
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UPSC IAS – 2023
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Ilmenite (FeTiO₃) and Rutile (TiO₂) are the most economically important minerals used for the production of Titanium metal and Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) pigment. These minerals are found abundantly in heavy mineral sands, particularly along the coastal tracts of states like Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Odisha in India.
– Ilmenite and Rutile are beach sand minerals.
– They are the primary source ores for the element Titanium.
– India possesses significant reserves of these minerals along its coasts.
Titanium is known for its high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and high melting point, making it valuable in aerospace, medical implants, chemicals, and other industries. Titanium dioxide is widely used as a white pigment in paints, plastics, and paper.

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